栽培羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)成熟藻体不同器官的组织结构显微观察及其生理生态学功能剖析

ANALYSIS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL AND ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS TO MATURE SPOROPHYTE OF CULTIVATION SARGASSUM FUSIFORME BASED ON ITS ORGAN MORPHOLOGICAL STRUCTURE

为全面了解栽培羊栖菜(Sargassum fusiforme)成熟藻体假根、茎、叶(气囊)和生殖托(雌托和雄托)四类器官的组织形态特征,运用石蜡切片法,对栽培羊栖菜成熟藻体各器官进行了组织形态学观察和讨论分析。结果表明,不同器官横切组织的形态、结构和宽度差异显著;假根,茎,叶,雌、雄生殖托的横切面由外向内分别为表皮、近表皮、皮层和髓部组织,而气囊无髓部组织结构,但具有内皮层。此外,雌、雄生殖托还包括生殖窝、卵和精子结构。栽培羊栖菜各器官表皮细胞均呈栅栏状排列,宽度顺序为:雄生殖托>茎>雌生殖托>气囊>叶>假根;表皮和近表皮细胞含淀粉粒最多,内含色素体;皮层和髓部细胞的淀粉粒含量相对较少;皮层组织的细胞腔最大,具有典型植物细胞形态和发达的胞间隙;髓部细胞致密,细胞腔多数较小。有关文献报道表明,羊栖菜不同器官响应光照、水温、干出与沉水及低盐胁迫等环境信号表达的生理生态学特征差异显著。研究结果可为深度解析栽培羊栖菜各器官之间的亚细胞结构差异,不同器官生理代谢响应环境信号表达差异,不同器官组织对微量元素或重金属离子的吸收、转运和储藏机制分析等研究提供基础数据和理论参考。

To understand in-depth the histomorphological characteristics of mature sporophytic rhizoids,stems,leaves(air-bladder),and reproductive receptacles(female receptacles and male receptacles)of cultivated Sargassum fusiforme,the histological morphology of the mature sporophytic organs was observed and analyzed using paraffin section method.The histomorphological observation of cultivation S.fusiforme organs showed that there were significant differences in the morphological,structure and width of the transected tissues of different organs.The transverse tissues of the rhizoids,stems,leaves,female and male reproductive organs of cultivation S.fusiforme mature sporophytic were epidermis,near epidermis,cortex and pith,respectively from outside to the inside.However,the air-bladder is unmyelinated,but has an endothelium.Furthermore,the male and female reproductive pads include the reproductive nest,egg,and sperm structure.The epidermal cells of all organs of cultivation S.fusiforme were arranged in palisade,and the order of width was:male reproductive receptacle>stem>female reproductive receptacle>air-bladder>leaf>rhizoid.The most starch granules and chloroplast were found in epidermis and near epidermis cells,while the relatively low starch granules were found in cortex and pith cells.The cortical cells had the largest lumen,with typical plant cell morphology and well-developed intercellular space,while the medullary cells were dense and most of the lumen were small and a few were large.The signal expressions of physiological and biochemical characteristics of different organs of cultivated S.fusiforme against environmental stresses such as light,water temperature,dryness,submersion,and hyposalinity were significantly different.This study provided basic data and theory reference for the analyses on subcellular structural differences among the organs of cultivated S.fusiforme,the mechanisms of absorption,transport,and storage of micronutrient or heavy metal ions,and the response of physiological metabolic pathways to environmental signals.