具有国际化视野的《民法典》合同编立法

The Codification of Chapter of Contract of the Civil Code with the International Perspective

《民法典》合同编借鉴了有关国际公约和示范法以及两大法系关于合同立法的先进经验,与世界立法趋势保持一致,也与国际商事交易习惯相契合。《民法典》合同编规定的承诺的实质性变更规则、格式条款的法律规制、无权处分不影响合同效力规则以及争议解决条款的独立性规则均反映了合同立法的最新趋势。《民法典》规定了情势变更制度的引入、利益第三人合同制度的确立、第三人代为履行制度的创设和清偿抵充制度,确认了禁止债权转让特约的效力,完善了债权转让中的债务人保护规则,构建了全新的根本违约制度,并引入了继续性合同终止规则,还确立了打破合同僵局规则,衔接了预期违约与不安抗辩权制度。《民法典》合同编的这些变化,既根植于深厚的中国交易实践经验,也具有广阔的国际化视野,展现了全球化时代民法典的中国特色和时代特征。

The Chapter of Contract of the Civil Code draws on the experience of relevant international conventions,model laws and the advanced experience of the two main legal systems on contract legislation,which is consistent with the trend of world legislation and consistent with the habits of international commercial transactions.The rules of the Civil Code on the substantive change of the acceptance,the regulation on the standard terms,the disposition of property without power or authorization and its effect on the the contract validity,and the independence of dispute resolution provisions,all reflect the latest trend of contract legislation.The Civil Code stipulates the rules on the change of circumstances,the establishment of the contract for the benefit of third party,the performance of contract by the third party and the payment by set-off,confirms the legal effect of the provision on prohibition of the transfer of obligation,establishes the rules for the protection of debtor in the transfer of obligation,constructs a new legal framework for the fundamental breach of contract,introduces the new rules for the termination of continuing contract,establishes the rules for breaking the contract deadlock,and coordinates the rules on the anticipatory breach of contract and Precarious Right to Defense.These changes in the Chapter of Contract of the Civil Code are not only rooted in the practical experience of commercial transactions in China,but also owns a broad international vision,showing the Chinese characteristics and the characteristics of time of the Civil Code in the era of globalization.