分期付款股权转让合同解除制度之漏洞填补--以最高人民法院第67号指导性案例为切入点

Filling the Loophole in the Legal System of the Rescission of Instalment Stock Transfer Contract:Based on the Supreme People’s Court’s Guiding Case No.67

《民法典》第634条在《合同法》第167条的基础上增加了催告要件,指导案例67号可为探究立法者的用意提供独特的视角。对于《合同法》第167条能否类推适用于分期付款股权转让合同解除的问题,指导案例67号给出的否定答案遭到学界的批评。从法律漏洞填补的角度分析,分期付款股权转让合同解除问题与分期付款买卖合同解除问题在法定评价的层次上具有类似性。但是由于类推适用《合同法》第167条不符合处理分期付款股权转让合同解除问题应当具备的价值取向,因此不应类推适用。虽然指导案例67号的判决结果是正确的,但是其说理不充分、观点不恰当的裁判理由体现出法官运用类推适用方法能力的不足,并对其后的司法实践产生了不良影响。反思商事无名合同的立法现状和法律漏洞填补的司法现状,《民法典》作出的努力值得肯定,未来应继续坚持在立法中重视商法的特殊价值,并加强对于法官运用类推适用方法过程的监督和指导。

Article 634 of the Civil Code adds the requirements of putting in default on the basis of Article 167 of the Contract Law.Guiding Case 67 can provide a unique perspective to explore the intention of the legislator.As for whether Article 167 of the Contract Law can be applied analogously to the issue of the rescission of the instalment stock transfer contract,the negative answer given in the Guiding Case No.67 was criticized by the academic community.Analyzing Guiding Case No.67 from the perspective of legal loophole-closing,we can see that rescission of the instalment stock transfer contract is substantially similar to rescission of the instalment sale contract at the level of legal evaluation,but the application of Article 167 of the Contract Law by analogy is not in line with the value orientation that should be provided to deal with this issue.Though the judgment result of Guiding Case No.67 is correct,its insufficient reasoning and inappropriate opinions of the judicatory ground reflect the inadequacies of the judge to apply the analogy method to fill legal loopholes,and have adversely affected the subsequent judicial practice.To change the status quo of legislation on commercial unnamed contracts and judicial practices on legal loophole-filling,the efforts made in the Civil Code deserve recognition,but we should continue to attach importance to the special value of commercial law in legislation and strengthen the supervision and guidance of judges in the process of applying analogy.