法定居住权制度的法理基础与类型化展开——兼评《中华人民共和国民法典》居住权制度

The legal basis and type of the legal residence system launched the residence system of:and evaluation of the Civil Code

住房问题是我国现在急需解决的问题,为了更好地建设多方位的住房保障体系,《民法典》增设了居住权。居住权制度让合同和遗嘱设立居住权的方式得到了立法上的认可,但是现如今的居住权设立方式存在局限性,性质也含混不清,并不能达到保障特殊群体居住权益的立法目的,因此需要对居住权进行完善。在完善层面,设立具有人役性的法定居住权来完善居住权制度。在居住权的具体类型方面,以婚姻、监护和赡养关系中的居住权为主。考虑到我国还有拟制型的人身关系,法定居住权制度应当纳入这些拟制型的人身关系。

The housing is an urgent problem to be solved in China.In order to better build a all—around hous⁃ing security system,the Civil Code adds the right of habitation.The habitation right system allows to establish the habitation right in ways of contract and testamant,this has been recognized in legislation.However,the current way of establishing the habitation right has limitations and its nature is unclear,which cannot achieve the legisla⁃tive purpose of protecting the rights and interests of special groups.So the right of residence needs to be improved.In terms of perfecting the system,the legal habitation right with servitude should be established to improve the hab⁃itation right system.In terms of the specific types of habitation right,taking the habitation right in marriage,guardianship and support relationships as the main part.Considering that there are fictitious personal relationships in China,the system of legal habitation right should incorporate them into it.