数字经济背景下算法共谋的反垄断规制

Anti-monopoly regulation of algorithmic collusion in the context of digital economy

数字经济时代背景下,算法成为共谋的促进因素,导致了新式共谋——算法共谋的产生。与监督算法、平行算法、信号算法与自我学习算法相对应,算法共谋可分为信使共谋、轴辐共谋、代理共谋与自主学习共谋四种类型,其所具有的智能化、稳定性、隐蔽性、多样性特征使得算法共谋的反垄断规制面临识别难、违法性认定难、追责难等诸多困境。立足于现行的反垄断法理论对算法共谋予以类型化分析,可以得出应当转变垄断协议的认定标准,明确算法共谋垄断的责任规则、合理适用承诺制度并构建算法共谋的多元规制体系来对算法共谋予以有效规制。

In the context of the digital economy,algorithms have become a stimulating factor for collusion,lead⁃ing to a new type of collusion—algorithmic collusion.Corresponding to supervised algorithms,parallel algorithms,signal algorithms,and self—learning algorithms,algorithmic collusion can be divided into four types:messenger col⁃lusion,hub and spoke collusion,agency collusion,and self—learning collusion,which are intelligent,stability,con⁃cealment,and diversity make the anti—monopoly regulation of algorithmic collusion face many difficulties such as dif⁃ficulty in identification,identification of illegality,and accountability.Based on the current anti—monopoly law theo⁃ry,a typed analysis of algorithmic collusion can be drawn,and it can be concluded that the determination standard of monopoly agreement should be changed,the liability rules for algorithmic collusion monopoly should be clarified,the commitment system should be reasonably applied,and a pluralistic regulatory system for algorithmic collusion can be constructed to effectively regulate algorithmic collusion.