公益诉讼生态环境修复费用运行规则建构——基于《中华人民共和国民法典》第1234条的分析

The construction of:is based on the analysis of Article 1234 of the Civil Code of the People's Republic of China

《民法典》第1234条规定的生态环境修复责任为环境民事公益诉讼新添了责任类型,较民事责任“恢复原状”更贴合环境科学。但是,作为生态环境修复责任重要表现方式之一的生态环境修复费用,在司法实践中却仍面临着赔付规则过简、管理规则缺失和监督规则不足等运行问题。为此,应健全赔付规则,统一赔付对象为政府主导设立的生态环境修复公益基金、明文列明资金用途、酌情确定赔付方式;建立管理规则,体系化地建设“中央—省—市—县”四级生态环境修复公益基金体系,同时制定完备的基金管理规则;加强对生态环境修复费用流转、使用效果的监督,明确生态环境修复公益基金、承审法院、检察机关、环保组织、公民五大监督主体,以及各自的监督方式。

The ecological environment restoration responsibility stipulated in Article 1234 of the Civil Code adds a new type of liability for environmental civil public interest litigation,which is more in line with environmental sci⁃ence compared with the"restoration of original state"of civil liability.However,as an important manifestation of eco⁃logical environment restoration responsibility,ecological environmental remediation expenses still faces the problems of compensation rules and lack of management rules and supervision rules in practice.Therefore,the compensation rules should be improved,the public funds of ecological environment restoration dominated by the compensation ob⁃ject should be unified,and the fund should be clearly stated and the compensation methods should be determined as appropriate.Management rules should be established to systematically build a four—level ecological environmental remediation public interest fund,and complete fund management rules should be formulated at the same time.It is necessary to strengthen the supervision over the use of ecological environmental remediation expenses,and clarify the five major supervision bodies of ecological environmental remediation public interest funds,courts,procuratorial or⁃gans,environmental protection organizations and citizens,as well as their respective supervision methods.