气象万千:甲骨文商史研究120年

Manifold and Splendid:120 Years of Research on the Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Shang History

自1899年殷墟甲骨文被發現,至今已過120年。甲骨文的發現,證實了商朝的存在,更爲殷商史研究提供了第一手材料。本文從甲骨文材料的重要發現和整理著録的角度切入,將120年的殷商史研究劃分爲三個階段,每個階段以介紹代表性人物的重要成果爲主,兼及其他學者的主要成果,以窺不同時代的研究風向。第一個階段,從1899年到1927年,甲骨文材料均爲非科學發掘品,代表性研究人物有孫詒讓、王國維、羅振玉等;第二個階段,從1928年到1977年,甲骨文材料進入科學發掘階段,代表性研究人物有董作賓、胡厚宣、郭沫若等;第三個階段,從1978年至今,隨着大型著録書《甲骨文合集》等的問世以及著録方式的改進,殷商史研究不斷深入,代表性研究人物有《甲骨文合集》組成員、裘錫圭、李學勤等。

It has been 120 years since the discovery of the oracle bones in 1899,which not only confirmled the existence of the Shang dynasty,but also provided first-hand materials for the study of history of the Shang.In this article,the author divides the 120 years of Shang history into three stages by looking at important discoveries in oracle-bone materials and their compilation.In the first phase,from 1899 to 1927,the oracle bones used were all non-scientific excavated materials,represented by Sun Yirang,Wang Guowei and Luo Zhenyu.In the second stage,from 1928 to 1977,the oracle bone material entered the scientific discovery stage,represented by Dong Zuobin,Hu Houxuan and Guo Moruo.In the third stage,from 1978 to the present,the study of the history of the Shang dynasty made considerable progress with the publication of the oracle bones collection and the improvement of recording methods,represented by the works of Qiu Xigui and Li Xueqin.