技术与灵学之间的日常空间——以近代上海催眠文化的传播现象为个案

Everyday Life between Technology and Psychics:The Spread and Evolution of Hypnotic Culture in Modern Shanghai

清末民初,催眠术被引入中国后,它在民间的传播和影响远胜于专业精神治疗领域。现有的研究主要将催眠视作迷信产物,但关于它被报刊、出版物等传播媒介重塑的过程,却少有论及。在城市化的进程中,技术变革与文化转型令催眠的传播呈现出科学与迷信的张力。催眠不仅曾被想象成新的医疗手段,还被想象成维持社会秩序、解决社会问题的新方案。精英与民众对这一现代时空体验的共同热衷,令它超脱于表面的生活细节而被赋予特殊的历史和文化意义。重新从日常生活的视角考察催眠文化的传播过程和渗透机制,将有助于我们理解中国近代都市文化空间复杂而多元的面貌。

After the introduction of hypnosis into China during the late Qing and early Republican era,its spread and influence in the folk were far superior to the professional psychotherapy.Existing research mainly regards hypnosis as a superstition.However,how it is reshaped by the media such as newspapers,periodicals and publications is rarely discussed.In the process of urbanization,technological change and cultural transformation have made the spread of hypnosis show a tension between science and superstition.Hypnosis was not only imagined as a new medical method,but also as a new solution to maintain social order and solve social problems.The common enthusiasm of the elite and the people for this modern experience of space and time makes hypnosis born out of everyday life and is given special historical and cultural significance.Re-exploring the transmission process and penetration mechanism of hypnotic culture from the perspective of everyday life will help us understand the complex and diverse approaches of Chinese modern urban cultural space.