病毒调节宿主适应性免疫的分子机制

Molecular Mechanism of Virus Regulating Host Adaptive Immunity

在适应性免疫过程中,机体主要通过T细胞和B细胞特异性识别入侵的病毒并将其清除。正常情况下,产生的抗体有利于病毒清除,但有些病毒存在抗体依赖增强作用(ADE),亚中和浓度或非中和抗体反而促进病毒感染。自然杀伤(NK)细胞的记忆性和特异性,使其与适应性免疫的界限越来越模糊。病毒为了更好地在宿主细胞中生存,进化出多种可逃逸宿主适应性免疫系统的机制。本文对病毒调节的各种宿主适应性免疫反应和病毒的免疫逃逸机制进行总结,以期为进一步探究病毒与宿主适应性免疫的关系及相应疫病的防治和疫苗开发提供参考。

In adaptive immunity,T cells and B cells take actions to recognize and remove the invading viruses.Under normal circumstances,the resulting antibodies are conductive to virus clearance.However,some viruses may induce antibody dependent enhancement(ADE)effect and sub-concentration or non-neutralizing antibodies may promote virus infection.The memory and specifi city of NK cells make the boundary between NK cells and adaptive immunity more and more blurred.In order to survive better in the host cells,viruses have evolved a variety of mechanisms that help escape the host immune system.In this paper,we summarized various host adaptive immune responses mediated by such viruses and immune escape mechanisms in order to provide reference to further explore the relationships between virus and host adaptive immunity,disease prevention and vaccine development.