2012-2019年广州市越秀区急性呼吸道感染住院患儿肺炎支原体、肺炎衣原体及嗜肺军团菌分布特点

Distribution characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumonia,Chlamydia pneumoniae and Legionella pneumophila in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection in Yuexiu District,Guangzhou from 2012 to 2019

目的分析广州市越秀区2012-2019年急性呼吸道感染(ARTI)住院患儿感染肺炎支原体(MP)、肺炎衣原体(CP)和嗜肺军团菌(LP)的流行病学特点。方法选取2012年1月至2019年12月AR-TI住院患儿,留取全血和尿液,采用被动凝集法检测血清MP,ELISA法检测血清CP,免疫层析法检测尿液LP。结果34440例ARTI住院患儿中,MP、CP、LP的检出率分别为8882例(25.79%)、2587例(7.51%)、1186例(3.44%)。MP总检出率最高(均P<0.05)。2013、2014及2019年三种病原体总检出率均明显高于其他年度(均P<0.05)。各年度MP检出率最高(均P<0.05)。三种病原体总检出率秋季最高,春季最低(均P<0.05)。各季节MP检出率最高(均P<0.05)。三种病原体总检出率在急性支气管肺炎中最高;急性喉气管支气管炎中最低(均P<0.05)。以5~16岁年龄段总检出率最高,0~1岁年龄段MP检出率最低(均P<0.05)。同一病原体中女性检出率均高于男性(均P<0.05)。混合感染以MP+CP组合最常见(均P<0.001)。结论MP、CP和LP是本地区儿童ARTI的重要病原体,好发于秋季;尤以MP最为常见,且2013、2019年可能是本地区MP流行高峰。

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),Chlamydia pneumoniae(CP)and Legionella pneumophila(LP)in hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection(ARTI)in Yuexue District,Guangzhou from 2012 to 2019.Methods A total of 34,440 ARTI hospitalized children from January 2012 to December 2019 were selected as research subjects.Whole blood and urine were collected.Serum MP was detected by passive agglutination method respectively.Serum CP was detected by ELISA.Urine LP was detected by immunochromatography.Results Among 34,440 hospitalized children with ARTI,the detection rates of MP,CP and LP were 8,882(25.79%),2,587(7.51%)and 1186(3.44%),respectively.The total MP detection rate was the highest(all P<0.05).The total detection rates of the three pathogens in 2013,2014 and 2019 were significantly higher than those in other years(all P<0.05).The MP detection rate was the highest in each year(all P<0.05).The three pathogens were detected all year round,with the highest total detection rate in Autumn and the lowest in Spring(all P<0.05).The MP detection rate was the highest in each season(all P<0.05).The total detection rate of three pathogens was the highest in the children with acute bronchopneumonia and the lowest in those with acute laryngeal and tracheobronchitis(all P<0.05).Among age groups,the overall detection rate of the three pathogens was the highest in the children aged 5-16 years.The MP detection rate was the lowest in the children aged 0-1 year(all P<0.05).The detection rate of the same pathogen in the female children was significantly higher than that in the male children(P<0.05).The combined infections with MP+CP was the most common among the three pathogens(all P<0.001).Conclusion MP,CP and LP are important pathogens that cause ARTI in children in this region,and they all tend to occur in Autumn.MP infection is the most common,with its epidemic peaks probably in 2013 and 2019.