重庆市国家重点生态功能区县域生态功能状况及变化研究

Study on the ecological function statuses and variation in the state key ecological function areas of Chongqing

生态环境部国家重点功能区县域生态环境质量监测与评价工作已开展多年,为了解重庆市10个国家重点生态功能区县域近年生态功能状况及变化情况,结合《生态环境状况评价技术规范》(HJ 192—2015),以重庆市10个国家重点生态功能区县域为研究对象,选取2015年和2019年两期数据,采用综合指数法对县域生态功能状况及变化度进行评价和分析。结果表明:1)2015年10个县域生态功能状况指数(FEI)范围为57.93~75.74,2019年范围为60.06~78.21,生态功能状况均以“优、良”为主,水土保持类型县域的生态功能状况整体优于生物多样性维护类型;2)2015年和2019年各县域生态功能状况指数大小顺序相同,且均与县域当年生态状况指标大小顺序一致,县域自然生态状况是造成其生态功能状况差异性的主要因素,自然生态状况越好的县域,其生态功能状况指数越高;3)2015—2019年,生态功能状况变化度为“无明显变化”和“变好”县域数量达90%,水土保持类型县域的生态功能状况呈向好趋势变化,生物多样性维护类型县域的生态功能状况总体保持稳定,10个县域生态功能状况总体呈现稳中变好的趋势;4)生态功能指数、生态胁迫指数和环境状况中的污染负荷指数,是导致生态功能状况变化的主要分指数。

The task of ecological and environmental quality monitoring and evaluation on the state key functional areas from the Ministry of Ecology and Environment of the People's Republic of China,has been going on for many years.This paper was wrote to research the ecological function statuses and variation in the ten state key ecological function areas of Chongqing recently years.Combining with the《Technical criterion for Ecosystem Status Evaluation》(HJ 192—2015),it selected datas in 2015 and 2019 as data sources,choosed the 10 state key ecological function areas of Chongqing as research areas,and selected comprehensive index to evaluate and analyze the ecological function statuses and variation.The results showed that:1)The ecological function index(FEI)of the ten ecological function areas ranged from 57.93~75.74 in 2015,and ranged from 60.06~78.21 in 2019.The grades of ecological function statuses were mainly“excellent”or“good”.Ecological function statuses of soil and water conservation areas were better than biodiversity conservation areas on the whole.2)The ecological function index rank(from high to low)of each area was the same in 2015 and 2019,and was similarly the same with the ecological index of that year.The natural ecological statuses of areas were main factors those caused differences in ecological function statuses.The better the natural ecological statuses were,the higher the ecological function index would be.3)Areas whose ecological function variation grades were“no obvious variation”or“better”were up to 90%from 2015 to 2019.The ecological function statuses of soil and water conservation areas showed a trend of positive variation,and areas of the biodiversity conversation were overall stable.The 10 areas presented trade of getting better in stability.4)The ecological function index,ecological stress index and pollution load index are the main indexes that lead to the variation of ecological function statuses.