陕西苹果园不同树龄土壤养分特征分析

Analysis of soil environmental problems in Shaanxi apple orchard

为深入了解陕西省不同树龄苹果园内不同土层深度的土壤肥力,分别采集了幼龄苹果园、盛龄苹果园、老龄苹果园中的0~20、20~40、40~60、60~80、80~100 cm深度的土壤样品进行分析。结果表明,土壤中有机质、水解氮、速效磷和速效钾等有效营养成分在0~40 cm土层中含量处于较高水平,40~100 cm土层中含量不足;盛龄苹果园中土壤养分明显高于幼龄和老龄苹果园,老龄化果园土壤营养流失严重;幼龄和盛龄苹果园土壤pH随土层深度的变化不明显,但老龄苹果园随土壤深度增加酸化严重。建议果农根据果园种植年限的不同,按照土壤肥力状况科学管理,合理施肥,才能有效提高苹果产量和质量。

In order to understand the soil fertility of different soil depths in different apple orchards of different ages in Shaanxi Province,soil samples with depths of 0~20 cm,20~40 cm,40~60 cm,60~80 cm and 80~100 cm were collected from young apple orchards,mature apple orchards and old apple orchards for analysis.The results showed that the contents of available nutrients,such as organic matter,hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium,were relatively high in the 0~40 cm soil layer,but insufficient in the 40~100 cm soil layer.The soil nutrients in mature apple orchards were significantly higher than those in young and old apple orchards,and the soil nutrients in old apple orchards were seriously lost.Soil pH of young and mature apple orchards did not change significantly with soil depth,but acidification of old apple orchards was serious with soil depth increasing.It is suggested that only by scientific management and rational fertilization according to the different planting years of the orchard,can apple yield and quality be improved effectively.