2018-2019年广州市番禺区食品中大肠菌群污染情况分析

Analysis of coliform contamination in food in Panyu District,Guangzhou City,China

目的了解广州市番禺区食品中大肠菌群污染情况,为食品卫生监管提供相关依据,以降低食源性疾病的发生率。方法采集2018—2019年广州市番禺区食品中208份样品进行菌落总数、大肠菌群计数的检测,并对检测结果进行统计分析。结果56.25%(117/208)的样品菌落总数≥10 CFU/g[mL],25.00%(52/208)的样品大肠菌群计数≥10 CFU/g[mL];样品产地为本市的样品中菌落总数≥10 CFU/g[mL]的占比为78.57%(88/112),大肠菌群计数≥10CFU/g[mL]的占比为37.50%(42/112);样品产地为国外的样品中菌落总数≥10CFU/g[mL]的占比为7.14%(4/56),大肠菌群计数≥10CFU/g[mL]的占比为7.14%(4/56);样品产地为本省它市的样品中菌落总数≥10CFU/g[mL]的占比为47.06%(8/17),大肠菌群计数≥10CFU/g[mL]的占比为11.76%(2/17);样品产地为省外的样品中菌落总数≥10CFU/g[mL]的占比为70.59%(12/17),大肠菌群计数≥10CFU/g[mL]的占比为5.88%(1/17);样品产地为港澳台的样品中菌落总数≥10CFU/g[mL]的占比为100.00%(2/2),大肠菌群计数≥10CFU/g[mL]的占比为0(0/2);样品产地为不详的样品中菌落总数≥10CFU/g[mL]的占比为75.00%(3/4),大肠菌群计数≥10 CFU/g[mL]的占比为75.00%(3/4);本市、国外、本省它市等不同样品产地的样品中菌落总数、大肠菌群计数的结果比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2018年和2019年采集的样品中菌落总数的结果比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2018年采集的样品中大肠菌群计数≥10 CFU/g[mL]的比例为32.95%,明显高于2019年的19.17%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论2018—2019年广州市番禺区食品中大肠菌群污染情况比较严重,尤其是本市、本省它市区、不详等产地的食品,但2019年广州市番禺区食品中菌落总数、大肠菌群的污染情况有明显改善,有关部门应进一步加强对食品卫生的监管,并积极采取有效措施,有效预防并减少食源性疾病的发生。

Objective To investigate the situation of coliform contamination in food in Panyu District,Guangzhou City,and to provide relevant basis for food hygiene supervision,so as to reduce the incidence of foodborne diseases.Methods A total of 208 samples of food in Panyu District,Guangzhou were collected from 2018 to 2019 for de-tection of total number of colonies and counts of coliform bacteria,and the detection results were statistically analyzed.Results 56.25%(117/208)had the total number of colonies≥10 CFU/g[mL],and 25.00%(52/208)had the coliform count≥10 CFU/g[mL];the proportion of the total number of colonies≥10 CFU/g[mL]in the samples from this city was 78.57%(88/112),and the proportion of coliform counts≥10 CFU/g[mL]was 37.50%(42/112);the proportion of the total number of colonies≥10 CFU/g[mL]in the samples from abroad was 7.14%(4/56),and the proportion of coliform counts≥10 CFU/g[mL]was 7.14%(4/56);the proportion of the total number of colonies≥10 CFU/g[mL]in the samples from other cities in the province was 47.06%(8/17),and the proportion of coliform counts≥10 CFU/g[mL]was 11.76%(2/17);the proportion of the total number of colonies≥10 CFU/g[mL]in samples from outside the province was 70.59%(12/17),and the proportion of coliform counts≥10 CFU/g[mL]was 5.88%(1/17);the proportion of the total number of colonies≥10 CFU/g[mL]in the samples from Hong Kong,Macao,and Taiwan was 100.00%(2/2),and the proportion of the coliform count≥10 CFU/g[mL]was 0(0/2);the proportion of the total number of colonies≥10 CFU/g[mL]in the samples of unknown origin was 75.00%(3/4),and the proportion of the coliform count≥10 CFU/g[mL]was 75.00%(3/4).The results of the total number of colonies and coliform counts in samples from differ-ent sample origins in this city,foreign countries,and other cities in this province were compared,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).There was no significant difference in the total number of colonies between the samples collected in 2018 and 2019(P>0.05).The proportion of coliform group count≥10 CFU/g[mL]in the samples collected in 2018 was 32.95%,which was significantly higher than 19.17%in 2019(P<0.05).Conclusion From 2018 to 2019,the contamination of coliform bacteria in food in Panyu District of Guangzhou was relatively serious,especially the food from the city,outside the province and unknown origin.However,the total number of coliform bacteria and the pollution of coliform bacteria in food in Panyu District of Guangzhou improved significantly in 2019.The relevant departments should further strengthen the supervision of food hygiene and take effective measures to effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of foodborne diseases.