阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停生物标志物的研究进展

Research progress on biomarkers of obstructive sleep apnea

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停(OSA)是最常见的睡眠呼吸障碍疾病,它的特点是在睡眠期间反复发作气流停止(呼吸暂停)或减少(低通气),从而导致低氧血症和睡眠碎片化,这是呼吸相关的频繁唤醒的结果,从而导致睡眠质量下降,并对生活质量产生不利影响。目前认为,OSA与2型糖尿病、高血压、房颤、心力衰竭、冠心病、脑梗塞等多种系统性疾病的发病有关。因此,OSA给公共卫生带来了很大的负担,可见阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停早诊断非常重要。当前OSA诊断标准是多导睡眠监测,但是多导睡眠监测的局限性使OSA诊断带来不便,从而使OSA患者诊疗延迟。因此,寻找一种检测方便、快捷的生物标记物尤为重要,这也是目前研究的热点。本文主要从基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学、代谢组学、炎症性、氧化应激等生物标志物进行综述。

Obstructive sleep apnea(OSA)is the most common sleep-disordered breathing disorder.It is charac-terized by repeated episodes of airflow stop(apnea)or decrease(hypoventilation)during sleep,leading to hypoxemia and sleep fragmentation.This is the result of frequent arousals related to breathing,which leads to a decline in sleep quality and even adversely affects the quality of life.It is currently believed that OSA is related to the onset of various systemic diseases such as type 2 diabetes,hypertension,atrial fibrillation,heart failure,coronary heart disease,and cerebral infarction.Therefore,OSA has brought a great burden to public health,which shows that early diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea is very important.Recently,OSA diagnostic standard is polysomnography,but the limitations of polysom-nography make the diagnosis of OSA inconvenient,which delays the diagnosis and treatment of OSA patients.There-fore,it is particularly important to find a biomarker that is convenient and quick to detect,which is also a hot spot of current research.This article mainly focuses on biomarkers such as genomics,transcriptomics,proteomics,metabolomics,inflammation,and oxidative stress.