基于网络点评数据的城市公园公众满意度及其影响因素研究

Public Satisfaction of Urban Parks and Influencing Factors Based on Online Comments Data

城市公园是公众进行户外休闲游憩活动的主要场所。营造能激发公众参与意愿、与公众需求相匹配的城市公园,既是当前城市建设亟待解决的问题,也是公众的普遍诉求。以深圳城市综合公园为例,通过收集网络主流点评网站的图文评价信息,利用词频分析法提炼公众对城市公园规划设计与运行管理相关的关注点,构建城市公园公众体验评价指标体系。采用语义分析法解析评论信息,对评价指标定量化赋值,通过主成分分析和多元回归确定影响公众满意度的城市公园规划设计与运行管理关键因素。结果表明:网络点评数据能够反映公众对城市公园的使用体验和满意度,但在空间分布上呈现明显不均衡;公众对公园的景观效果、生态环境以及是否适合运动健身活动较为看重;到达交通、外部景观效果、植物长势、游人数量、活动类型丰富度、主题活动均会对公众满意度有较大影响。研究结果可为城市公园的规划设计优化与运行管理水平提升提供科学的决策依据。

Urban parks are the important space for outdoor recreational activities.How to construct the urban park which inspires public participation will and matches with public demands,is an urgent question of urban construction and a common public demand.Based on the case study of urban parks in Shenzhen,the evaluation information including text and pictures were collected from major online comment sites.The technology of word frequency analysis was adopted for getting public concern about planning,design and operation management of urban parks,and then the evaluation index system of the public experience of urban parks was built up.The evaluation indexes were quantified by semantic analysis based on the online comment data.Finally,the critical factors about planning,design and operation management of urban parks,which influenced public satisfaction,were explored through principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis.The analytical results have indicated that online comment data can reflect the public’s experience and satisfaction with the use of urban parks in full detail.However,it is obvious imbalance in spatial distribution of the comment data.The public pay more attention to the visual effect of the park landscape,the ecological environment and whether it is suitable for sports and fitness activities.Arrival traffic,external landscape effect,plant growth,number of tourists,richness of activity types,theme activity will have a great impact on public satisfaction.This research can provide scientific references for optimizing planning and design and improve the level of operation and management of urban parks.