若尔盖湿地生态保护红线区生态环境状况的遥感分析

Remote Sensing Analysis of Ecological Environment of Ruoergai Wetland Ecological Protection Red Line Area

生态保护红线是区域生态安全的底线,本文以若尔盖湿地生态保护红线为研究区,基于遥感数据,以3S技术为手段构建遥感生态环境状况指数评价模型,对若尔盖湿地生态保护红线区2000~2019年的生态环境状况进行遥感监测分析,以期为该红线区的保护和管理提供决策思路。结果表明:红线区多年平均生态环境状况等级所占比例:优占42.8%、良占47.7%、一般占7.1%、较差占2.1%、差占0.4%,主要为优和良,所占比例达90.5%。差和较差主要位于红线区东南部及北部小部分区域,一般及以上主要位于红线区西部、中部和北部大部分地区。近20年若尔盖湿地生态保护红线的生态环境状况整体呈现变好趋势,北部地区生态环境改善面积明显大于生态恶化面积,生态环境状况等级呈现东南向西北递增向好趋势;红线区东南部生态环境状况较差,应加强对该区域生态环境的保护。

The ecological protection red line is the bottom line of regional ecological security.Based on remote sensing data and 3S technology,this paper constructed remote sensing ecological environment index evaluation model to monitor and analyze the ecological environment of Ruoergai Wetland ecological protection red line from 2000 to 2019,to provide decision-making ideas for the protection and management of the red line area.The results showed that the proportion of the annual average ecological environment status in the red line area was:excellent 42.8%,good 47.7%,generally 7.1%,poor 2.1%,worst 0.4%,which were mainly excellent and good,accounting for up to 90.5%.Poor and worst are mainly located in the southeast and a small part of the northern part of the red line area,and the general and above are mainly located in a large proportion of the western,central and northern parts of the red line area.Over the past 20 years,the ecological environment of the Ruoergai Wetland Ecological Protection Red Line showed an overall trend of improvement.The area of ecological environment improvement in the northern area was significantly larger than that of ecological deterioration,and the level of ecological environment status is increasing from southeast to northwest.The ecological environment in the southeast of the red line area is in poor condition,and the protection of the ecological environment in this area should be strengthened.