土壤环境中微塑料污染及迁移转化规律研究进展

A review on the characteristics of soil microplastics pollution and the migration and transformation of microplastics in soil

作为一种新兴的污染物,微塑料在水和土壤生态系统中普遍存在,并成为了近年来环境污染研究的热点之一。目前研究主要集中在海洋和淡水生态系统中微塑料的检测、赋存、表征和毒理学等方面,但与水生态系统相比,对土壤生态系统中微塑料的生态效应的了解还很有限。为此,论文综述了土壤环境中微塑料的来源、丰度及分布特征、微塑料对土壤结构和生物的负面影响、微塑料的迁移机制以及食物链中的营养转移等方面的研究进展,以揭示土壤环境中微塑料造成的潜在生态和人类健康风险,最后提出未来微塑料污染及其土壤生态毒性的研究方向。

As an emerging contaminant,microplastics are ubiquitous in water and soil ecosystem,and it has become one of the hotspots in the research of environmental pollution in recent years.At present,the research is mainly focused on the detection,occurrence,characterization and toxicology of microplastics in marine and freshwater ecosystems.Compared to aquatic ecosystems,our understanding of the ecological effects of microplastics in soil ecosystems is still very limited.Here,we reviewed the sources,abundance and distribution characteristics of microplastics in soil environment,the negative effects of microplastics on soil structure and biology,the migration mechanisms of microplastics and trophic transfer in food chains in order to reveal the potential ecological and human health risks caused by microplastics in the soil environment,and finally put forward the future research direction of microplastics pollution and soil ecological toxicity.