河岸带土壤反硝化作用研究进展

Research progress of riparian soil denitrification

反硝化作用是水生态系统脱氮和控制水体富营养化的重要过程,是氮循环的关键环节。该作用对去除陆地和水生生态系统中的硝酸盐、亚硝酸盐并将其以无反应氮气的形式重新输送到大气这一过程起着至关重要的作用。文章综述了土壤反硝化过程的关键微生物及其作用机制、土壤反硝化作用的主要影响因素及其作用规律以及反硝化作用的研究方法方面的研究进展,并对今后的发展方向进行了展望。指出今后应进一步将分子生态学技术手段综合运用于土壤反硝化作用研究,加强反硝化功能微生物种群结构的研究,深入了解反硝化菌群结构及其种间的协同作用规律与机制,进一步明确反硝化的微观作用机制与反应机理,并结合景观生态因子建立氮循环生物地球化学模型,剖析多尺度因素对反硝化作用的影响及其调控机制,此外,还应加强土壤反硝化研究新方法的开发与现有技术的改进,逐步建立土壤反硝化强度测定的标准方法体系。

Denitrification is an important process for denitrification of aquatic ecosystems and control of eutrophication of water bodies,which is a key part of the nitrogen cycle.This article summarizes the research progress on the key microorganisms and their mechanisms of soil denitrification,the main influencing factors of soil denitrification and their laws of action,the research methods of denitrification,and the prospects for future development.It points out that in the future,molecular ecological techniques should be comprehensively applied to the study of soil denitrification,the research on the population structure of denitrifying microorganisms should be strengthened,the structure of the denitrifying flora and the laws and mechanisms of synergies between species should be further understood.The microscopic mechanism and reaction mechanism of nitrification should be combined with landscape ecological factors to establish a biogeochemical model of the nitrogen cycle,which can be used to analyze the effects of multi-scale factors on denitrification and its regulating mechanism.In addition,the development of new methods for soil denitrification research and improvement of existing technologies should be strengthened,and a standard method system for determining soil denitrification intensity should be gradually established.