茶园间作不同植物对茶叶产量和品质及茶园土壤的影响

Effects of Intercropping Different Plants in Tea Garden on Yield and Quality of Tea and Soil of Tea Garden

为优化茶园间作模式、丰富茶园间作模式的科学理论,本试验探讨了间作白三叶、金盏菊和金花菜三种间作模式下对茶园土壤营养成分及茶叶品质成分与茶叶产量的影响,并分析了茶叶品质成分和土壤营养成分的相关性。结果表明:三种间作模式条件下茶叶中茶多酚含量均显著降低,进而降低酚氨比。茶园间作金花菜,茶百芽重提高;而间作白三叶、金盏菊,茶百芽重与发芽密度均提高。茶园间作白三叶显著提高土壤有效磷、速效钾、碱解氮和全氮含量;间作金花菜则显著提高土壤速效钾、碱解氮和全氮含量,而全磷含量显著降低;间作金盏菊显著提高土壤有效磷、速效钾和有机质,而全磷与全钾含量显著降低。茶叶品质与土壤相关性分析发现:土壤pH值和土壤全磷、全钾及有机质含量变化与茶叶品质关系十分紧密。茶园间作白三叶、金盏菊和金花菜均不同程度上改良土壤性状,增强土壤肥力,进而改善茶叶品质。

In order to optimize the tea garden intercropping mode and enrich the scientific theory of tea garden intercropping mode,the effects of three intercropping modes of trifolium repens,calendula officinalis and medicago polymorpha on soil nutrient components,tea quality components and tea yield in tea garden were studied,and the internal correlation between tea quality components and soil nutrient components was analyzed.The results showed that the content of tea polyphenols in tea decreased significantly under three intercropping modes,and then the ratio of phenol to ammonia decreased.The 100-bud weight increased under intercropping medicago polymorpha in tea garden,while the 100-bud weight and germination density increased under intercropping trifolium repens and calendula officinalis.Intercropping trifolium repens in tea garden,the contents of available phosphorus,available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and total nitrogen in soil significantly increased.Intercropping medicago polymorpha in tea garden,the contents of available potassium,alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and total nitrogen in soil significantly increased,while the contents of total phosphorus decreased significantly.Intercropping calendula officinalis in tea garden,the contents of available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter in soil significantly increased,while the contents of total phosphorus and total potassium decreased significantly.Correlation analysis between tea quality and soil shows that the changes of soil pH value,total phosphorus,total potassium and organic matter content are closely related to tea quality.Intercropping trifolium repens,calendula officinalis and medicago polymorpha in tea garden improved soil properties,enhanced soil fertility and improved tea quality.to varying degrees.