蔡沈《书集传》对“伊尹放太甲”的解读与开展——基于人性论与道统论的考察

Interpretation and Development of“Yi Yin Fang Tai Jia”in Shujizhuan by Cai Chen:On the Basis of Human Nature and Confucian Orthodoxy

传统《尚书》学对“伊尹放太甲”的解读有两种模式,这两种模式体现出政治与德性的张力。蔡沈《书集传》从人性论与道统论的视角考察“伊尹放太甲”,调和了政治与德性张力。在人性论方面,蔡沈开展出圣人可学而近之而不可至之的观点,认为成为贤人比成为圣人更具有普遍性与现实性。并且,蔡沈亦力求将贤人投入到政治实践之中。在道统论方面,蔡沈将道统与政统交融合一,将“革命”论视为道统传承的新形式。此外,蔡沈亦开展出“一德”论,使得“伊尹放太甲”成为道统传承的重要环节,从而完善了朱熹提出的道统体系。

There are two modes of interpretation of“Yi Yin Fang Tai Jia”in the traditional school of Book of History,which reflect the tension between politics and virtue.In Shujizhuan,Cai Chen examined Yi Yin Fang Tai Jia from the perspective of human nature and Confucian orthodoxy,and reconciled the tension between politics and virtue.In the aspect of human nature,Cai developed the view that the sages could be learned but not reached,and believed that it was more universal and realistic to be a wise man than to be a sage.Moreover,Cai made every effort to put the wise man into political practice.In the aspect of the Confucian orthodoxy,Cai integrated the Confucian orthodoxy with the political system,and regarded the theory of“revolution”as a new form of the inheritance of Confucian orthodoxy.In addition,Cai also developed the theory of“One Virtue”,which made“Yi Yin Fang Tai Jia”become an important link of the inheritance of the Confucian orthodoxy system,thus perfecting the Confucian orthodoxy system proposed by Zhu Xi.