先秦时期古琴演奏方式探论

On the Way of Playing the Guqin in the Pre-Qin Period

从文字训诂、文献典籍及考古音乐史的角度谈先秦时期古琴的演奏方式。与古琴相配的主要动词鼓、搏、拊(抚)、弹、揳、戛、轹(栎、擽)等在与乐器搭配时均可释为“击”,而未见有释为“拨弄”义。传世文献和出土文献资料没有关于古琴演奏方式的详细记录,更不见有古琴为拨弦乐器的说法。从考古出土的古琴实物看,战国之前的古琴因其形制原因,并不适宜于用拨弦方式演奏。考察的结果显示,战国之前古琴的演奏方式应以击弦为主,而非一般以为的拨弦方式。

This paper explores the performance of the guqin in pre-Qin period from the perspectives of textual exegesis,literature classics and archaeological music history.The main verbs that match the guqin can all be interpreted as“ji”when paired with the instrument,but none can be interpreted as“bonong”.There are no detailed records about the way the guqin was played in the handed down and unearthed documents,let alone the claim that the guqin was a plucked instrument.According to the unearthed guqin,before the Warring States Period the guqinwas not suitable to be played by plucking strings because of its shape and structure.The result of the investigation shows that before the Warring States Period,the guqin was probably played mainly by striking the strings,rather than by plucking the strings.