电子商务平台交易中群体侵权案件的法律规制研究

Discussion on Legal Regulation of Group Infringement Cases in E-commerce Transactions

电子商务平台交易有三方参与,第一,第三方支付机构是类似支付宝之类的国内比较大型的企业,他们对于电子商务是非常熟悉的。第二包括网上商家,网上商家一般都对电子商务平台的各种交易以及流程更有经验。第三,买家也即消费者,在一场电子商务交易中的地位都是非常低的,其面临着很大的信息泄露或是资金泄露以及被卖家侵权的风险。我国现阶段对于电子商务中容易发生的集体侵权案件的公益诉讼规定不完善导致了很难提起公益诉讼,并且由谁提起公益诉讼即对公益诉讼主体问题界定的不具体。《消费者权益保护法》(以下简称《消法》)第四十七条仅中协以及省级以上消协被赋予了资格,行政机关其他消费者组织等皆被排除在外。基层的消费者协会更有利于公益诉讼的展开,而公益诉讼主体资格不赋予检察院的考量则在于行政机关往往代表了政府的立场。行政机关为了防止冲破诉讼均衡,立法者没有赋予其提起公益诉讼的资格,因为行政机关如有提起公益诉讼的方式,那其或许在履行职责方面掉以轻心。因此本文分析了第四十七条存在的问题,并提出建议,仅供参考。

E-commerce platform transactions generally involve three parties.First,third-party payment institutions are relatively large enterprises at home such as Alipay.They are very familiar with e-commerce.Second,they are online merchants,which are generally more experienced in various transactions and processes of e-commerce platforms.Finally,sellers,also as consumers,have a very low status in an e-commerce transaction,and they face great risks of information leakage or capital leakage and infringement by sellers.The imperfect regulations of public interest litigation for collective infringement cases that are prone to occur in e-commerce in China at this stage have made it diffi cult to initiate public interest litigation,and who initiates public interest litigation or the subject of public interest litigation is not well defi ned.In the article 47 of the Consumer Law,only the China Consumers Association and consumer associations at or above the provincial level have been granted qualifi cations.Administrative agencies and other consumer organizations are excluded.Consumer associations at the grass-roots level are more conducive to the development of public interest litigation.The consideration that the qualifi cations of public interest litigation subjects are not conferred on the procuratorate is that administrative agencies often represent the position of the government.In order to prevent the administrative agency from breaking the balance of litigation,the legislators do not give it the qualifi cations to initiate public interest litigation,because if the administrative agency has a way to initiate public interest litigation,it may take it lightly in performing its duties.Therefore,this article analyzes the problems of Article 47 and makes suggestions for reference.