脂肪细胞去分化及其调控机制研究进展

Research Progress on Adipocytes Dedifferentiation and Its Regulatory Mechanism

脂肪发育、沉积及代谢直接影响动物的生产及肉类产品品质,也与人类的健康息息相关。成熟的脂肪细胞在体内和体外均具有去分化生成可增殖细胞的能力,这种可增殖细胞被称为去分化脂肪(DFAT)细胞。DFAT细胞具有多能干细胞的特性和多向分化潜能,可以分化为脂肪细胞、平滑肌细胞、心肌细胞、成骨细胞和神经细胞等。本文在阐述体内外成熟脂肪细胞去分化的基础上,重点综述了DFAT细胞的多向分化潜能、去分化调控机制及其在猪上的相关研究进展,为通过调控脂肪细胞的去分化,进而改善肉品质、提高人类健康水平提供一定理论依据。

Fat development,deposition and metabolism have a direct impact on animal production and meat quality,and are closely related to human health.Mature adipocytes have the ability to dedifferentiate and generate proliferative cells in vivo and in vitro.These proliferative cells are known as dedifferentiated fat(DFAT)cells.DFAT cells have the characteristics of pluripotent stem cells and the potential of multi-lineage differentiation,and can differentiate into adipocytes,smooth muscle cells,cardiomyocytes,osteoblasts nerve cells,and so on.Therefore,the analysis of adipocyte dedifferentiation and its regulatory molecular mechanisms is of great significance for animal production,tissue damage repair and human health.In this review,based on the discussion of mature adipocytes dedifferentiation in vivo and in vitro,the multi-lineage differentiation potential of DFAT cells,the regulatory mechanism and the relevant research progress on pigs were summarized,in order to provide some theoretical basis for improving meat quality and human health by regulating the dedifferentiation of adipocytes.