稻谷实仓储藏品质变化规律研究

Effects of Rice Storage Quality in Granary Condition

稻谷在实仓储藏过程中的品质变化对其食用及商业价值具有重要影响,本实验以浙江省级粮库中不同储藏年份的早籼稻为研究对象,分别测定了其发芽率、电导率、丙二醛含量、蛋白质组分、淀粉含量、脂肪酸值、脂肪酸组分以及挥发性成分等与稻谷品质密切相关的重要指标。结果显示,随着仓储时间的增加,稻谷的发芽率显著降低;电导率和脂肪酸值则呈上升趋势,丙二醛含量无显著变化;蛋白质含量与淀粉含量随时间变化相对较小,但受稻谷品种的影响较大;脂肪酸组分以油酸、亚油酸和棕榈酸为主,其含量变化呈逐步上升趋势;挥发性成分中酯类和酮类物质含量呈下降趋势,醛类物质呈先上升后下降趋势,烷烃类无显著变化,烯类和醇类物质呈上升趋势。上述结果表明,随着仓储时间的延长,稻谷的生命活力逐步下降、细胞膜受到损坏、脂质氧化并产生不良风味,可根据这些指标的变化情况初步判断稻谷品质的劣变程度,并为稻谷实仓储藏的条件控制与优化提供一定的参考。

The quality change of rice in the storage process has an important impact on its edible and commercial value.In this experiment,early indica rice in different years in the provincial grain depots in Zhejiang Province was used as the research object,and the indicators closely related to rice quality,including germination rate,electrical conductivity,malondialdehyde content,protein composition,starch content,fatty acid value,fatty acid composition and volatile components,were investigated.The results indicated that with the increase of storage time,the germination rate of rice decreased significantly,while the electrical conductivity and fatty acid value showed an upward trend.The content of malondialdehyde did not change significantly.The protein content and starch content changed relatively little over time,but it was affected by its own varieties.The fatty acid components were mainly oleic acid,linoleic acid and palmitic acid,and the content change trend was gradually increasing.The content of esters and ketones in volatile components showed a downward trend,but aldehydes first increased and then declined.Alkanes did not change significantly,however,alkenes and alcohols showed an upward trend.The above results indicated that with the extension of storage time,the vitality of the rice gradually decreases,the cell membrane was damaged,the lipid was oxidized,and the bad flavor was produced.According to the changes of these indicators,the degradation degree of rice can be judged preliminarily,and a certain theoretical basis can be provided for the safe storage of rice silos.