法律情境中的人:科耶夫法哲学的历史唯物主义解读

Human Beings in the Legal Situation:An Interpretation of Kojève's Philosophy of Law from the Perspective of Historical Materialism

法权现象是人类社会中普遍而复杂的现象。蕴含于法权现象中且区别于其他现象的特殊性要素综合地构成了“法律情境”。在科耶夫的法哲学中,正义理念是不偏不倚、公正无私的第三方在法律情境中处理两个行为人之间相互作用的根据。正义理念的具体内涵不是先天预成的,而是后天生成的,其生成性和变化性引起法权的演化和法律情境的演变。这一演变的过程可以被视为“人”的主体性不断被确证的过程,同时也是人对“人”的认识不断加深的过程。将“法权的演化”和对“人”的认识过程联系起来讨论的理论尝试,有利于我们重新审视苏联(俄)马克思主义的法权学说遗产,从哲学人类学的角度对历史唯物主义法权学说的具体内涵展开新的解读,凸显历史唯物主义视域下法权现象的世俗性、人为性和开放性。

The phenomenon of Recht(Law/Right)is universal and complex in human society.The unique elements of the phenomenon of Recht,which distinguish it from other phenomena,compose the juridical situation.In Alexandre Kojève􀆳s philosophy of law,the“idea”of justice is the basis for the interaction between two actors in a juridical situation by an impartial and just third party.The specific connotations of the concept of justice are not a priori,but a posteriori.The generativeness and variability of the concept of justice has led to the evolution of Recht and the development of juridical situation.This process of evolution can be regarded as both a process of continuous confirmation of the subjectivity of“man”and a process of deepening the understanding of“man”by man.The theoretical attempt to connect“the evolution of Recht”and“the procecess of man􀆳s cognition”,is conducive to re-examining the legacy of Soviet(Russian)Marxist theory of Recht,and developing a new interpretation of the specific connotation of historical materialist doctrine of Recht from the perspective of philosophical anthropology,from which we can find the secularity,artificiality and openness of the phenomenon of Recht.