华东地区小流域河网水环境综合治理技术探讨

Discussion on comprehensive treatment technologies of river network water environment in small watershed in East China

小流域河网具有涉及的支流多且流量不均、沟渠纵横、污染源分散和农业面源污染所占比重较大等特点,厘清小流域河网治理思路对治理技术的选择具有重要意义。文章以天长市铜龙河水环境综合治理工程为例,针对污染源和河网特点系统分析,在划分干、支流汇水区域的基础上,对河网支流不同污染程度和入河面源污染量进行排序,确定重点治理河道。针对进入河网的生活污水污染、农业面源污染等综合采用多种水环境治理技术,重点提出在用地受限的河网地区因地制宜,利用支流与干流的相对高程关系,将支流作为污染物进入干流的缓冲带或干流旁路净化湿地,达到既构建健康的河网生态系统,又起到减少入河干流污染的目的。

The river network of the small watershed has the characteristics of many tributaries and uneven flow,vertical and horizontal ditches,scattered pollution sources,and a large proportion of agricultural non-point source pollution.It is of great significance to clarify the treatment ideas of small watershed river networks for the selection of treatment technologies.Taking the Tonglong River water environment comprehensive treatment project in Tianchang City as an example,the pollution sources and the characteristics of the river network were analyzed systematically.On the basis of dividing the main stream and tributaries catchment areas,the different pollution levels of the tributaries of the river network and the amount of pollution into the river were sorted,and then the key river for treatment was determined.In view of the domestic sewage pollution and agricultural non-point source pollution entering the river network,many water environment treatment technologies were comprehensively adopted,and the focus was on adapting measures to local conditions in river network areas with limited land.The relative elevation relationship between tributaries and main streams was used.Tributaries were used as a buffer zone for pollutants to enter the main stream or bypasses wetland purification of main stream,so as to not only build a healthy river network ecosystem,but also reduce the pollution of the main stream.