思维方式差异与中西文化的不同特性

Differences in Thinking Modes and Different Characteristics of Chinese and Western Cultures

世界上多种文化体系基本可以划分为开放的和封闭的两大类型。思维模式作为文化的主要决定性因素,其不同的思维出发点和运行方式,是决定其文化体系不同的根本所在。中国传统文化是以关系本质论和方法论(道)为思维模式出发点,在各种对立关系的联系、转化与相互运作过程中所形成的文化体系;而西方文化则是以概念本质论(逻各斯)为思维前提、以严密的逻辑自洽论证为特点所构成的文化现象。从本体论的意义上说,以关系本质和方法论为思维出发点及其所形成的运作方式,决定着中国文化体系具有吸纳性和开放性的功能;而以概念本体论和逻辑自洽演绎为思维方式的西方文化,则暗隐着排他性和与现实社会脱节的弊端。

The various cultural systems around the world may basically fall into two types,i.e.,the open and the closed.As the main decisive factor of culture,thinking mode,with different starting points and operation modes,ultimately determines the difference in its cultural system.Traditional Chinese culture which is based on the relational essentialism and the methodology(Tao)as the starting point of thinking,is a cultural system formed by the interaction and transformation of various opposing relationships.In the West,it is a cultural phenomenon that is based on conceptual essentialism(Logos)as the premise of thinking and is characterized by rigorous self-consistent logical argumentation.In the sense of ontology,the relational essentialism and the methodology as the starting point of thinking and the way of operation altogether determine the absorbing and open function of the Chinese cultural system,while the Western culture,which uses conceptual essentialism and the self-consistent logical deduction as its way of thinking,is inevitably exclusive in nature and is disconnected from the real society.