传统儒家 “万物一体” 说及其现代价值--以明儒蒋信为中心

The Traditional Confucian Doctrine of“Unifying Interconnectedness”and Its Contemporary Value--Focusing on Jiang Xin,a Confucian in Ming Dynasty

传统儒家“万物一体”说发端于先秦。汉唐及宋明时期不少儒家也较为重视并阐发了“万物一体”说。限于篇幅,本文主要以明儒蒋信为中心进行探讨。蒋信在吸收、借鉴先秦及宋明诸儒相关论说的基础上,对“万物一体”说做了深入、系统的阐发。他把“万物一体”说视为儒学的“立根处”,并将此说确立为自身的学术宗旨。“万物一体”不仅意味着人与自然万物应相融为一体,也指人与人之间应相亲相爱、和谐共处。为了达到“万物一体”的境界,蒋信倡导“默识涵养”“主静无欲”“戒慎恐惧”等修养功夫论。“万物一体”的理念是儒学中的珍贵资源,对于当代人重新认识天人关系以及促进自然万物与人类自身的良性发展具有重要意义。

The traditional Confucian doctrine of“unifying interconnectedness”originated in the Pre-Qin Dynasty.Many Confucians during the Han-Tang and Song-Ming Dynasties also expounded on the doctrine.Due to space limitations,this paper mainly focuses on Jiang Xin,a Confucian in Ming Dynasty.On the basis of absorbing and learning from the relevant theories of some Confucians in the Pre-Qin and Song-Ming Dynasties,Jiang Xin made a deep and systematic exposition of the doctrine of“unifying interconnectedness”.He regarded the doctrine as the basis of Confucianism and established it as his academic tenet.“Unifying interconnectedness”means not only that man and nature should be integrated,but also that people should love each other and live in harmony.In order to achieve the ideal realm of“unifying interconnectedness”,Jiang Xin advocated some Kung Fu’s theories about moral self-cultivation.The idea of“unifying interconnectedness”is a precious resource in Confucianism.It is of great significance for contemporary people to re-understand the relationship between nature and man and to promote the benign development of nature and human beings themselves.