轨道工程建设项目污染防控措施对颗粒污染物的影响分析

The Impact Analysis of Pollution Control Measures on Particulate Pollutants in Urban Rail Construction Project

轨道工程建设过程中会产生颗粒物扬尘污染,北方某市某轨道工程在施工初期就制定了严格的污染防控对策,但是防控对策的实际成效难以具体量化。针对这一问题,首先统计分析不同施工工序下的颗粒污染物浓度变化情况,发现地下施工、工地施行密网遮盖、整场喷淋洒水等防控措施能够明显降低颗粒污染物浓度。然后采用灰色理论,建立了灰色预测模型,对施工期内颗粒污染物浓度的变化趋势进行分析,提出了大气环境质量改善的评价方法。最后基于某一施工日短时间监测数据,采用灰色预测模型进行预测模拟,然后与典型施工行为、防控行为的实测数据作对比,并应用假设检验的方法得到防控效果的定量评价结果。研究提出的方法对于建立施工扬尘防控自动控制系统具有理论意义。

In the construction process of the urban rail project,there will be dust pollution of particulate matters.Strict pollution prevention and control measures had been formulated in the early stage of the rail project construction in a northern city.However,it is difficult to quantify the actual effects of prevention and control measures.Aiming at this problem,this paper analyzes the concentration changes of particulate pollutants firstly under the different construction processes,and find that prevention and control measures such as underground construction,site cover,spray watering and so on can significantly reduce the concentration of particulate pollutants.Then,by using gray theory,a gray prediction model is established.The change trend of particulate pollutants concentration during construction period is analyzed,and the evaluation method of improving the quality of atmospheric environment is proposed.Finally,based on a short-term monitoring data of special construction day,the gray prediction model is used to simulate the prediction,and then compared with the measured data under typical construction behavior and control behavior.The hypothesis test method is applied to obtain quantitative evaluation of the control effects of prevention.The method proposed in this paper is of theoretical significance for the establishment of automatic control system for construction dust control.