20世纪前期尼采诗歌在中国的翻译与影响

Translation and Influence of Nietzsche’s Poetry in China in the Early 20th Century

20世纪前期中国知识分子对德国哲学家、诗人尼采的诗歌的翻译,大致可以划分为20世纪初、五四时期与20世纪三四十年代等三个阶段。对尼采诗歌的翻译表明,中国的尼采翻译有着鲜明的选择性倾向,这一倾向强化和凸显了“文学家尼采”形象;正是“文学家尼采”而非“哲学家尼采”,对中国现代文学产生了重要影响,中国现代一些作家的创作从尼采诗歌中吸取了情节模式、人物形象、思想主题与文体形式等元素。

The translation of German philosopher and poet Nietzsche’s poems by Chinese intellectuals in the early 20th century can be roughly divided into three stages:the early 20th century,the May Fourth Movement and the 1930s and 40s.The translation of Nietzsche’s poems shows that the translation of Nietzsche in China has a distinct selective tendency,which strengthens and highlights the image of“Nietzsche”;It is“Nietzsche as a writer”rather than“Nietzsche as a philosopher”that has exerted an important influence on modern Chinese literature.Some modern Chinese writers have absorbed plot patterns,characters,ideological themes and stylistic forms from Nietzsche’s poems.