公共教育投入与贫困减缓——基于教育层级与门槛效应双重视角的实证分析

Public Education Investment and Poverty Alleviation:An Empirical Analysis Based on the Dual Perspectives of Educational Hierarchy and Threshold Effect

公共教育投入对贫困减缓具有显著的促进作用,优化教育资源的配置,提高教育扶贫的效率,是教育精准扶贫的重要内容。文章采用2007—2018年省级面板数据,从教育层级以及门槛效应的角度实证分析了公共教育投入与贫困减缓之间的关系。结果表明:不同教育层级的减贫效应存在差异,中等职业教育公共教育投入的减贫效应最大;各个层级公共教育投入与贫困减缓之间存在非线性关系,同时大部分地区公共教育投入均未突破门槛值和达到“拐点”;公共教育投入的减贫效应存在区域差异。因此,有必要优化不同教育层级之间的投入,并适度扩大职业教育投入,同时促进区域间教育资源的合理分配。

Public education investment has a significant role in promoting poverty alleviation.Optimizing the allocation of educational resources and improving the efficiency of poverty alleviation are important contents of educational targeted pover⁃ty alleviation.Based on the provincial panel data from 2007 to 2018,this paper empirically analyzes the relationship between public education investment and poverty alleviation from the perspective of education level and threshold effect.The results show that there are differences in the poverty reduction effect among different levels of education,and the poverty reduction effect of public education investment in secondary vocational education is the largest;there is a non-linear relationship be⁃tween public education investment at all levels and poverty alleviation.At the same time,public education investment in most areas has not broken the threshold and reached the"inflection point";there are regional differences in the poverty re⁃duction effect of public education investment.Therefore,it is necessary to optimize the investment between different levels of education,appropriately expand the investment in vocational education,and promote the rational distribution of educational resources among regions.