农地股份化分配及其法律规制

Agricultural Land Shareholding Distribution and Its Legal Regulation

农地公平分配是稳定农村土地承包关系和社会关系的基石。农地股份化分配能够实现农民土地权益公平,保障土地承包期延长的平稳过渡和农村社会关系稳定。通过对第二轮承包期内的实际情况进行调查、分析,发现农户间不公平占有土地是土地延包中的最大矛盾。农地“个别调整”存在诸多局限性,无法解决农地公平分配难题。股份动态调整所具有的优势能够实现土地权益公平分配。文章以相关政策和法律为依据,论述了农地股份化分配的适用范围、股份量化与设置、成员资格认定与股份分配、股份估值、动态调整等步骤和规则,提出应构建集体成员资格认定、股份收回、估价、补偿以及监管五个法律规制机制。

Fair distribution of rural land is the cornerstone of stabilizing rural land contract and social relations.The share⁃holding distribution of agricultural land can realize the fairness of peasants'land rights and interests,guarantee the smooth transition of the extension of land contract period and the stability of rural social relations.Through the investigation and analysis of the actual situation in the second round of contract period,it is found that the unfair possession of land among peasants is the biggest contradiction in land extension.There are many limitations in the“individual adjustment”of agricul⁃tural land,which cannot solve the problem of fair distribution of agricultural land.The advantages of dynamic adjustment of shares can realize the fair distribution of land rights and interests.Based on the relevant policies and laws,this paper discuss⁃es the application scope,share quantification and setting,membership identification and share distribution,share valuation,dynamic adjustment,and other steps and rules of agricultural land shareholding distribution,and proposes that five legal regu⁃latory mechanisms should be constructed,including collective membership identification,share recovery,valuation,compensa⁃tion,and supervision.