过敏原组分检测在过敏性疾病预防与控制中的应用进展

Advances of allergen component detection in the prevention and control of allergic diseases

我国过敏性疾病的发病率逐年升高,给个人和社会造成沉重的公共卫生负担。过敏原特异性IgE检测是过敏性疾病病因诊断的重要手段。目前,临床上主要针对过敏原粗提物的特异性IgE进行检测,而过敏原组分特异性IgE检测却开展甚少。临床医生尤其是非过敏专科医生对过敏原组分特异性IgE检测的重要性认识不足。了解过敏原组分相关种类及临床意义,可提高临床医生对过敏性疾病的诊断水平。过敏原组分检测可以鉴别常见过敏原的主要组分、明确交叉致敏、预测严重过敏反应发生的风险、指导特异性免疫治疗以及为患者制定精准的饮食方案,从而为患者提供精确的、预防及控制建议。

The incidence of allergic diseases in China is increasing year by year,which has caused heavy public health burden to individuals and society.The detection of specific IgE(sIgE)is an important way to diagnose the etiology of allergic disease.Currently,the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis In vitro mainly focus on the specific IgE of crude extracts in clinical practice,while the detection of sIgE in allergen components is rarely carried out.Clinicians,especially non-allergists,do not have sufficient understanding about the importance of sIgE in allergen component detection.Knowing the related types and clinical significance of allergen components can improve the diagnostic level of allergic diseases.Allergen component detection can distinguish the major components of common allergens,identify cross-sensitization,predict the risk of anaphylaxis,guide allergen immunotherapy and develop precise dietary regimens,so as to provide accurate prevention and control recommendations for patients.