基于螟蜮隐喻的狐蜮病解读

Interpretation of Hu Yu Syndrome(狐蜮病)based on the Metaphor of the Mythical Creatures

通过查阅《五十二病方》《诸病源候论》等相关书籍,发现狐惑病与疳病在疾病症状的描述与书写体例存在诸多相似,借此推断狐惑病与疳病为同一种疾病,唯采用了不同命名方式,但皆遵循了"疮疡为虫所蚀"的基本原则,狐惑病"乍赤、乍黑、乍白"与五疳有同源关系。蜮本为蚀食谷物的害虫,将"狐惑"改作"狐蜮",与《五十二病方》螟虫病的命名具有相同的建构方法。同时在"疮疡溃烂为虫所蚀"基本隐喻视域下,对《金匮要略》阴阳毒进行解读,发现阴阳毒有无脓血实际在推断有无虫蚀,升麻鳖甲汤中雄黄、蜀椒的应用旨在杀虫。狐蜮病、疳病、溪水毒、螟虫病在某种程度都反映了"虫蚀"的致病性,认为虫蚀是古人构建疮疡类疾病发生的常用隐喻。

By reading Formulas for Fifty-two Diseases(《五十二病方》), Treatise on the Origins and Manifestations of Various Diseases(《诸病源候论》) and other related classics, it is found that Hu Huo Syndrome(狐惑病) is similar with chancre in the description of the disease symptoms as well as the writing styles;therefore, it is inferred that these two are the same disease but with different names;both of them follow the basic principle of "the sores and ulcers are formulated due to the corrosion by insects". The either red, blackish or white complexion of Hu Huo Syndrome and the chancre involving the five organs are homologous. Yu(蜮), a mythical creature, is originally a pest that eats grains;Hu Huo changed into Hu Yu is in accordance with the nomenclature of stem borer diseases in the Formulas for Fifty-two Diseases. Simultaneously, yin and yang toxin recorded in Essentials from the Golden Cabinet(《金匮要略》) is analyzed under the basic metaphorical horizon that "sores and ulcers are formulated due to the corrosion by insects", showing that the presence or absence of yin and yang toxin pus and blood is actually inferring whether there is insects corrosion or not, and Xionghuang(Realgar) and Shujiao(Pericarpium Zanthoxyli) in Shengma Biejia Decoction(升麻鳖甲汤) is applied to kill insects. Hu Yu Syndrome, chancre, Xi Shui Toxin(溪水毒) and stem borer disease, to a certain degree, all reflect the pathogenicity of "insects corrosion", which is a common metaphor used by the ancients to describe sore and ulcer diseases.