基于核酸适配体治疗、靶向及诊断优势开发中医药领域中的应用

Nucleic acid aptamer-based traditional Chinese medicine application:therapy,targeting and diagnosis

核酸适配体是一种单链寡核苷酸,具有广泛的专属靶向性,可以作为靶向治疗、靶向递送及疾病诊断分子,用于治疗肿瘤或微生物感染及临床检测等。基于中药使用过程中存在成分复杂,靶点难以集中,治疗的专属性差;中药有效成分同时是毒性成分,亟待一种高敏感度的检测方法,同时降低其毒性;中医药治疗方法与现代医学治疗策略难以联合应用,无法提高治疗效果。适配体技术以其在生物传感器、适配体-纳米靶向复合物搭载药物、适配体-siRNA嵌合体等方面的优势,有望成为连接中药与纳米技术,诊断技术及联合治疗方案之间的纽带,解决上述重要研究问题。该文针对近年来适配体制备、筛选、修饰及其治疗、靶向和诊断在生物医学领域中的应用进展和优势进行总结,为其在中医药领域的深入研究及开发应用提供有价值的参考。

Nucleic acid aptamers,broad-spectrum target-specific single-stranded oligonucleotides,serve as molecules in targeted therapy,targeted delivery and disease diagnosis for the treatment of tumor or microbial infection and clinical detection.Due to the existence of components in the use of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),the target is difficult to concentrate and the specificity of treatment is poor.The effective components of TCM are toxic components,so a highly sensitive detection method is urgently needed to reduce the toxicity problem at the same time.The combined application of TCM and modern medical treatment strategy are difficult and cannot improve the therapeutic effect.Aptamers,advantageous in biosensors,aptamer-nanoparticles for targeted drug delivery,and aptamer-siRNA chimeras,are expected to connect Chinese medicinals with nanotechnology,diagnostic technology and combined therapies.We summarized the preparation,screening,and modification techniques of nucleic acid aptamers and the biomedical applications and advantages in therapy,targeting,and diagnosis,aiming at providing a reference for the in-depth research and development in TCM.