我国药用菊花品种资源调查与产业现状分析

Resources Investigation of Chinese Medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium Varieties and its Industry Status Analysis

目的:摸清我国药用菊花品种资源的产地分布、栽培类型、产业发展现状与存在问题,探讨其产业发展对策。方法:采用查阅文献、实地考察与统计分析的方法,调查我国不同产地药用菊花品种资源与产业发展状况。结果:我国药用菊花品种资源主要分布于桐乡、射阳、麻城、歙县、滁州、亳州、温县等产区,不同产地的生境条件对于其干品产量和外观品质相关的花头数、花径、花色等性状有影响;各产区年均总种植面积达17 997 hm^(2)、干品产量约35 322 t;各产区均存在品种混杂、种质退化、肥药滥用和低效开发等问题,亟待采取规范化种植、品牌化开发的提质增效策略。结论:该研究可为我国药用菊花品种资源评价、规范化种植及其药食同源利用提供参考。

Objective: To find out the origin distribution, cultivation types, industrial development status and existing problems of Chinese medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium varieties resources, and to discuss its industry development countermeasure.Methods: The resources and industry development status of Chinese medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium varieties from different habitats were investigated by means of literature review, field investigation and statistical analysis.Results: The resources of medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium varieties were mainly distributed in Tongxiang city, Sheyang city, Macheng city, Shexian county, Chuzhou county, Bozhou county, Wen county and other production areas in China.The habitat conditions of different habitats had influences on the characters of flower numbers, flower diameter, flower color and others related to their dry product yield and appearance quality.The average annual planting area was 17 997 hm^(2) and the dry product yield was 35 322 t in each production areas.It is urgent to adopt the strategy of improving quality and efficiency such as standardized planting and brand development to solve the problems of mixed varieties, genetical characterization decline, fertilizer and drug abuse and inefficient development in the industry.Conclusion: This study can provide references for the evaluation of Chinese medicinal Chrysanthemum morifolium species resources, the standardized planting and the utilization of the same source of medicine and food.