农村集体产权制度改革的法律问题研究--基于对两省(市)农村集体产权制度改革异同的实践考察

On the Legal Problems of the Reform of Rural Collective Property Rights System-Based on the Practical Investigation of the Similarities and Differences in the Reform of Rural Collective Property Rights System in Two Provinces(Cities)

广东省、重庆市两地在农村集体经济组织的治理机制、成员资格认定、股权类型设置和管理模式等改革的重大领域面临许多共性的问题,而在农村集体经济组织立法模式、组织机构的人员构成、集体资产股份流转现状等许多具体问题上存在较大差异。同一改革内容会因试点单位改革阶段的不同而有所差异,这种差异会随着改革进程的推进而逐渐消解。进一步深化农村集体产权制度改革,首先,应当深入推进“政经分离”改革,理顺农村集体经济组织与村委会、村党组织的关系,完善农村集体经济组织的治理机制;其次,应当积极探索“一般+特殊”的农村集体经济组织成员资格认定规则;最后,应当深化股份合作制改革,逐步优化农村产权流转交易的制度环境。

Guangdong and Chongqing are faced with many common problems in the major areas of reform such as the governance mechanism,membership recognition,equity type setting and management mode of rural collective economic organizations,and there are also significant differences in many specific issues such as the legislative model of rural collective economic organizations,the composition of the organizations,and the status quo of the transfer of collective assets.The same reform content will vary with the different reform stages of pilot units,and such differences will be gradually resolved with the advance of the reform process.To further deepen the reform of rural collective property rights system,firstly,we should push forward the reform of“separation of politics from economy”,straighten out the relationship between rural collective economic organizations,village committees and village party organizations,and perfect the governance mechanism of rural collective economic organizations.Secondly,we should actively explore the“general and special”membership determination rules of rural collective economic organizations.Finally,we should deepen the reform of shareholding cooperative system and gradually optimize the institutional environment of rural property rights transfer and transaction.