不同足落地模式跑者在不同路面跑步时足底压力特征

Plantar Load Characteristics among Runners with Different Strike Patterns and Running on Different Surfaces

目的:探讨不同足落地模式跑者在不同路面跑步时足底压力的特征。方法:研究纳入41名习惯后足落地跑者(rearfoot strike,RFS)、37名习惯非后足落地跑者(non-rearfoot strike,NRFS),使用足底压力系统测量不同足落地模式跑者在4种不同硬度地面[混凝土、橡胶、人造草地、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物缓冲垫(EVA)泡沫板]跑步时足底峰值压力(MF)、压力时间积分(FTI)、峰值压强(PP)、压强时间积分(PTI)和接触面积(CA)的差异。结果:仅PP在足跟,PTI在前足外侧区域落地模式和跑步地面有显著的交互作用。与NRFS跑者相比,RFS跑者全足CA(P<0.001)、全足MF(P=0.005)、全足FTI(P<0.001)显著较大,后足和中足区域所有指标均显著较大(P<0.001),前足区域PTI和FTI显著较小,前足内侧PP和MF显著较小。相较于其他3种硬度路面,EVA有更高的全足CA(P=0.016)、更低的全足PP(P<0.001),在前足中部和外侧MF、PTI、FTI均显著较小(P<0.001),中足内侧和前足内侧CA显著较大(P<0.001)。结论:后足落地跑者在不同硬度地面跑步时足底压力均显著较大,且集中在足跟的压力可能传递到膝关节使其承受较大负荷。尽管非后足落地跑者足底压力较小,但其足底压力主要集中在前足内侧区域。EVA泡沫板路面虽在前足有较低的峰值压力,但由于其硬度较小,跑步时内侧纵弓高度会显著降低。因此,跑者应根据自身情况合理选择跑步路面和足落地模式,以避免运动损伤的发生。

Objective To explore the plantar load characteristics of runners with different strike patterns when running on different surfaces.Methods Forty-one habitual rearfoot strike pattern(RFS)runners and 37 habitual non-rearfoot strike pattern(NRFS)runners were included in our study.In-shoe pressure sensors were used to explore the plantar load characteristics including the contact area(CA),maximum force(MF),force-time-integral(FTI),peak pressure(PP)and pressure-time-integral(PTI)of runners running on such different surfaces as concrete,synthetic rubber,artificial grass and Ethylene vinyl acetate(EVA).Results Only PP on the rearfoot,PTI on the lateral forefoot was found of significant interaction effect with different foot strike patterns and running surfaces.As compared to NRFS runners,RFS runners had significantly higher CA(P<0.001),MF(P=0.005)and FTI(P<0.001)of the whole foot,significantly higher in all parameters of the rear-and mid-foot(P<0.001),but significantly lower PTI and FTI of the forefoot and significantly lower PP and MF of the medial forefoot(P<0.001).Compared with other surfaces,when running on EVA surface,runners were found significantly higher total CA(P=0.016),but significantly lower total PP(P<0.001),as well as significantly lower MF,PTI and FTI of the central and lateral forefoot(P<0.001)and significantly higher CA of the medial midfoot and forefoot(P<0.001).Conclusion RFS runners bear significantly higher plantar pressure when running on different surfaces,and the pressure on the rearfoot may transmit to the knee joint and make the latter sustain higher load.Although NRFS runners’plantar load was relative lower,but the load mainly concentrates on the forefoot.When running on the EVA surface,runners have lower MF on the forefoot compared to other three surfaces.However,due to its low stiffness,the medial longitudinal arch height will drop significantly.Therefore,runners should choose proper foot strike pattern and running surfaces according to their unique physical conditions to avoid running injuries.