浙江省主要农作物水足迹时空特征研究

Spatial and temporal characteristics of water footprint of main crops in Zhejiang Province

农作物水足迹是衡量水资源利用效率的重要指标,为解决水资源短缺问题提供了新的研究视角。以浙江省主要农作物为研究对象,利用CROPWAT8.0、CLIMWAT2.0和ArcGIS软件,计算和分析了2002-2018年浙江省的主要农作物水足迹时空特征。结果表明:2002-2018年浙江省农作物总水足迹变动幅度较大,总体呈下降趋势,2016年最低,2002年最高,减幅达16.18%;水足迹内部结构中,粮食作物的水足迹稳居首位,其次是水果、茶叶、蔬菜和油料作物,粮食作物水足迹内部结构中晚稻水足迹占比最大,玉米水足迹占比最小;区域水足迹差异显著,海岛地区农作物总水足迹最低,平原、盆地地区农作物总水足迹最为丰富,山地、丘陵地区农作物总水足迹次之;人均农作物水足迹不仅受农作物总水足迹影响,更受人口数量的影响,人口分布稀疏的县域人均水足迹明显高于人口分布密集的城区。

The crop water footprint is an important index for measuring water resources utilization efficiency,it provides a new approach to solving the problem of water resources shortage.Taking the main crops in Zhejiang Province as the research object,we used CROPWAT8.0,CLIMWAT2.0 and ArcGIS software to calculate and analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of water footprints of the main crops in Zhejiang Province from 2002 to 2018.The results showed that the total water footprint of crops in Zhejiang Province changed greatly from 2002 to 2018,showing a general downward trend,with the lowest value in 2016,the highest value in 2002 and a total decrease of 16.18%.In the internal structure of water footprints,the water footprint of food crops ranked first,followed by fruits,tea,vegetables and oil crops.In the internal structure of the water footprint of food crops,the water footprint of late rice accounted for the largest proportion,whereas that of corn accounted for the smallest.There were significant regional differences in water footprints,with the lowest total water footprint of crops in island areas,the highest in plain and basin areas,followed by that in mountainous and hilly regions.The per capita water footprint of crops was affected not only by the total water footprint of crops,but also by the population.The per capita water footprint of counties with sparse population was significantly higher than that of cities with dense population.