藏文档案常用藏纸的纤维及其造纸工艺对比分析

Fibers and Papermaking Techniques of Tibetan Paper Commonly Used in Tibetan Archives

西藏手工纸是中国传统造纸工艺的重要组成部分,藏纸档案文献也具有极高的科学研究价值,本文从纤维组成和微观分子结构角度,通过显微观察、红外分析和元素测定等方法,对1份约700年前的古代档案藏纸和5种现代藏纸的纤维理化性质和元素成分进行研究。确定现代拉达克、尼木、不丹和金东藏纸主要由瑞香或结香属的纤维构成,古代藏纸和现代金东狼毒草纸主要由狼毒草根部纤维构成,并且能够观察到手工制浆的工艺痕迹。根据纤维中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素和总结晶度指数,以及现代与古代藏纸中整体元素比例和主要原料成分差异等相关信息,可以确定古代藏纸制造工艺已相对成熟,而现代藏纸制造技术和纤维性能均得到了提升与发展。

Tibetan handmade paper is an important part of Chinese traditional papermaking.The Tibetan paper archives also have extremely high scientific research value.In this article,there is an ancient archive paper about 700 years ago and five kinds of modern paper are studied from the perspective of fibers composition and microscopic molecular structure,by microscopic observation,infrared analysis,and element determination.It is determined that modern Ladakh,Nyemo,Bhutan and Jindong Tibetan paper are mainly composed of fibers of the Daphne or Edgeworthia,and ancient Tibetan paper and modern Jindong Stellera paper are mainly composed of root fibers of Stellera,and traces of manual pulping crafts can be observed.According to relevant information such as cellulose,hemicellulose,lignin and total crystallinity index in the fibers,with the ratio of the overall elements in modern and ancient Tibetan paper and the main raw material composition,it can be determined that the ancient Tibetan paper manufacturing process has been relatively mature,while modern Tibetan paper manufacturing crafts and fibers performance have been improved and developed.