2002—2018年内蒙古教育公平程度实证研究——基于教育基尼系数的测算与分解

An Empirical Study on the Education Equity in Inner Mongolia from 2002 to 2018——Calculation and Decomposition Based on Education Gini Coefficient

基于2002—2018年内蒙古人均受教育年限和教育基尼系数的测算结果,分析内蒙古教育公平程度的变化趋势。研究发现,内蒙古2002—2018年人口受教育水平逐年升高,教育基尼系数持续下降,总体教育公平程度越来越高,且处于比较公平的阶段。城与城(乡与乡)之间人均受教育年限差距缩小,城乡间人均受教育年限差距有所增大,城乡教育差异贡献率有所上升,城乡教育差异已成为制约内蒙古教育公平发展的主要原因,并将在此后的一定时期内长期存在。推进城乡义务教育一体化,带动城市和农村教育整体共同发展,是教育领域应对城乡二元结构模式弊端、缩小城乡差距的重要举措,是促进内蒙古教育公平发展的根本路径。

Based on the results of calculating average years of schooling and education Gini coefficient in Inner Mongolia from 2002 to 2018,this paper analyzes the trend of education equity in Inner Mongolia.The results show that the education level of Inner Mongolia population increases year by year from 2002 to 2018,the education Gini coefficient continues to decline,and the overall level of education equality is getting higher and higher indicating the education is in a relatively fair state;By only comparing within urban areas or rural areas,the gap of average years of schooling has been narrowed.However,the gap of that between urban and rural areas has increased,and the contribution rate of urban-rural education difference has increased.The urban-rural education difference has become the main reason restricting the fair development of education in Inner Mongolia and it will remain for a certain foreseeable future.Promoting the integration of urban and rural compulsory education and the overall development of urban and rural education is an important measure in the field of education to deal with the drawbacks of urbanrural dual structure mode and narrow the gap between urban and rural areas.And it is the foundation on which fair development of education in Inner Mongolia can be promoted.