论西方马克思主义的问题逻辑及当代价值

The Problem Logic of Western Marxism and Its Contemporary Value

西方马克思主义对西方革命战略和策略问题的争论导致了对马克思主义哲学本质的追问,构成了其问题逻辑的理论起点。西方马克思主义反对立足于近代理性主义哲学立场,将马克思主义哲学解释为一种近代形态的知识论哲学,认为这种解释钝化了马克思主义哲学的批判价值功能,无法对抗资产阶级意识形态和市场经济物化意识的侵袭。由此强调应当在与近代哲学的断裂点上,阐发马克思主义唯物主义哲学的特质,认为马克思主义哲学的功能和使命应当是关注人的生存境遇和实现人的自由解放,由此形成了其注重马克思主义哲学的批判性和现实性的学术传统,并对当代西方社会展开了文化意识形态批判,揭示了当代西方社会总体统治的现实和人的总体异化的生存境遇,强调通过文化意识形态批判,形成无产阶级成熟的阶级意识和个体的独立人格。西方马克思主义的问题逻辑不仅在当代西方具有重要的社会效应和理论效应,而且对中国马克思主义哲学研究也产生了深远影响,为推进中国马克思主义哲学理论建设提供了思想资源。

Western Marxism’s debate on the Western strategy and tactics of revolution leads to the inquiry into the essence of Marxist philosophy,which constitutes the theoretical starting point of the Western Marxism’s problem logic. Western Marxism is opposed to interpreting Marxist philosophy as a kind of modern epistemological philosophy based on the standpoint of modern rationalist philosophy,arguing that this interpretation negates the critical value function of Marxist philosophy and is vulnerable to the attack of bourgeois ideology and the reified consciousness of the market economy. Therefore,Western Marxism emphasizes that the characteristics of Marx’s materialist philosophy should be elucidated at the breaking point in modern philosophy,and advocates that the function and mission of Marxist philosophy should be to pay attention to people’s survival circumstances and realize the freedom of individuals. As a result,Western Marxists have formed an academic tradition of focusing on the critical and realistic aspects of Marxist philosophy,and launched a critique of the cultural ideology of contemporary Western society.