不同产地滇重楼药材及其根际土壤中6种重金属含量的比较

Comparison of 6 heavy metal contents in Paris polyphylla Smith var.yunnanensis medicine and their rhizosphere soils from different geographical areas

对不同产地栽培品和野生品滇重楼药材及其根际土壤中6种重金属元素的含量进行测定分析,为适宜滇重楼种植地区的选择提供参考。以云南、贵州、四川采集的27份滇重楼药材及其根际土壤为研究对象,通过微波消解法处理,采用原子荧光光谱法(AFS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS)对铜(Cu)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、铅(Pb)、砷(As)、汞(Hg)等6种重金属元素进行测定,参照相关限量标准对重金属元素进行安全性评价,并且利用主成分分析和聚类分析方法分析不同产地滇重楼药材及其根际土壤中重金属含量的相关性。结果表明,不同产地滇重楼药材及其根际土壤重金属含量存在显著性差异(P<0.05),其中大多数产地滇重楼药材Cu、Pb元素含量超过标准限量;从单因子污染指数>1可知,主要是Cd富集造成的土壤污染;同时,滇重楼药材对土壤中的Cu元素具有较强的富集作用;主成分分析表明,滇重楼药材重金属含量最高和最低分别是贵州省清镇市野生品和云南省芒市栽培品,而土壤重金属含量最高和最低分别是云南省保山市水寨乡和贵州省织金县栽培品;聚类分析结果表明,栽培产地滇重楼药材及其根际土壤重金属含量与野生产地无明显区别。栽培品滇重楼完全可以代替野生品使用,为滇重楼人工规模化种植及管理提供参考依据,以缓解野生滇重楼资源匮乏的困境。

The contents of 6 heavy metal elements in cultivated and wild Paris polyphylla var.yunnanensis medicine and its rhizosphere soil from different geographical areas were determined and analyzed,which provided reference for the selection of suitable planting areas of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.27 samples of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis medicinal materials and their rhizosphere soil collected from Yunnan,Guizhou and Sichuan were selected as the research objects.Treated by microwave digestion,6 kinds of heavy metal elements,including Cu,Cd,Cr,Pb,As and Hg,were determined by AFS and ICP-MS.The safety of heavy metal elements was evaluated according to the relevant limit standards,and the correlation of heavy metal contents in P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis medicinal materials and its rhizosphere soil was analyzed by principal component analysis and cluster analysis.The results showed that the heavy metal contents in P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis medicine and its rhizosphere soil from different habitats were significantly different(P<0.05),among which the content of Cu and Pb in the herbs exceeded the standard seriously.From the single factor pollution index>1,it could be seen that the main reason was the soil pollution caused by Cd enrichment.At the same time,the medicinal materials of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis had a strong enrichment effect on Cu in soil.Principal component analysis showed that the highest and lowest heavy metal contents of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis medicinal materials were wild products in Qingzhen City,Guizhou Province and cultivated products in Mangshi City,Yunnan Province,respectively,while the highest and lowest heavy metal contents in soil were cultivated products in Shuizhai Township,Baoshan City,Yunnan Province and Zhijin County,Guizhou Province,respectively.The cluster analysis results showed that there was no significant difference in the heavy metal contents of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis rhizome and its rhizosphere soil between cultivated and wild areas.The cultivated product P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis could completely replace the wild products,and provide reference for the artificial large-scale cultivation and management of P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis,so as to alleviate the shortage of resources of wild P.polyphylla var.yunnanensis.