广州地区室内灰尘中典型非邻苯增塑剂的污染特征与暴露风险

Characterization and Exposure Risk Assessment of Non-phthalate Plasticizers in House Dust from Guangzhou

非邻-苯二甲酸酯增塑剂作为邻-苯二甲酸酯的替代物被广泛用于生产和生活用品中,但目前对其环境存在和人体暴露风险知之甚少.为研究室内环境的污染状况及人体暴露,分析了广州市83户住宅灰尘中12种典型非邻苯增塑剂.结果表明,对-苯二甲酸二辛酯(DEHT)、偏苯三酸三辛酯(TOTM)、乙酰柠檬酸三丁酯(ATBC)、己二酸庚基壬基酯、己二酸二(2-乙基己基)酯和偏苯三酸三辛烷基酯100%检出.非邻-苯二甲酸酯增塑剂总含量中值为101μg·g^(-1),含量范围为22.4~615μg·g^(-1).DEHT的含量最高(含量范围9~487μg·g^(-1)),其次是TOTM (含量范围0.3~87μg·g^(-1))和ATBC(含量范围1.7~50μg·g^(-1)).通过暴露模型评估了成人与儿童经灰尘摄食的日暴露量,其中儿童摄入的非邻苯增塑剂总日暴露量为367ng·(kg·d)^(-1),是成人日暴露量43 ng·(kg·d)^(-1)的8~9倍.进一步通过危险商对暴露量进行风险评价,结果表明成人和儿童经灰尘摄食对非邻苯增塑剂的暴露风险均处于可接受范围.

Although non-phthalate plasticizers are widely used in various consumer products as substitutes for phthalates,currently little is known about their environmental occurrence and the risks of human exposure.To characterize the pollution and human exposure risk in indoor environments,house dust samples collected from 83 households in Guangzhou were analyzed for twelve typical nonphthalate plasticizers.Results showed that dioctyl terephthalate(DEHT),trioctyl trimellitate(TOTM),acetyl lemon tributyl ester(ATBC), heptylnonyl adipate, di(2-ethylhexyl) adipate, and trioctyl trimellitate were detected in all samples.The total concentrations of non-phthalate plasticizers ranged from 22.4 to 615 μg·g^(-1) with a median of 101 μg·g^(-1).DEHT had the highest concentrations(9-487 μg·g^(-1)),followed by TOTM(0.3-87 μg·g^(-1)) and ATBC(1.7-50 μg·g^(-1)).Daily intakes via dust ingestion for adults and children were estimated based on the dust concentrations.The total daily intake of children was 367 ng·(kg·d)^(-1),which was 8-9 times higher than that of adults [43 ng·(kg·d)^(-1)].Further risk assessment through the hazard quotient approach showed that the exposure of adults and children to non-phthalic plasticizers via dust ingestion was within an acceptable risk range.