中国造纸业物质代谢演化特征

Evolution of Material Metabolism in China’s Pulp and Paper Industry

造纸业是与国民经济和社会发展关系密切并具有可持续发展特点的重要基础原材料产业.为了解中国造纸业资源消耗及环境污染变化趋势,基于经济系统造纸业物质流分析(EW-MFA)方法原理,建立了中国造纸业物质代谢分析模型,定量分析2005~2017年中国造纸业物质输入/输出、代谢强度和循环利用率等演化特征.结果表明,2005~2017年中国造纸业的物质输入与输出总体呈下降趋势,水的贡献占比高达90%以上.近年来,随着造纸业原料结构的不断优化,非木材制浆的比例从42%下降至13%,主要被废纸制浆为主,木材制浆为辅的方式所取代,单位纸产品的资源消耗量得以大幅降低.2017年吨纸及纸板直接物质输入为26 t,较2005年的79 t下降了67%,其中新鲜水消耗量下降了约69%.水资源循环利用率大幅上升,2017年水循环率高达77%.目前,纸及纸板的生产越来越依赖于国内废纸和进口木材的投入,两者占比分别由2005年的21%和9%上升至2017年的60%和31%.然而,国内废纸回收率仍处于较低水平,需通过加强回收体系建设、提高居民回收意识等措施以缓解限制废纸进口造成的原料供应紧缺.

The pulp and paper industry is an important industry that is closely related to national socioeconomic development.To understand the historical trends of resource consumption and environmental pollution,we conducted an economy-wide material flow analysis and quantitatively evaluated the dynamic characteristics of input-output balances,material metabolism intensity,and resource recycling rate of China’s pulp and paper industry,from 2005 to 2017.The results indicate downward trends in the material inputs and outputs of China’s pulp and paper industry from 2005 to 2017,with water contributing over 90% of the totals.In recent years,with the continuous optimization of the raw material structure of the paper industry,the proportion of non-wood pulping has dropped from 42%to 13% and has been replaced by mainly waste paper pulping and wood pulping.Resource consumption can still be greatly reduced.In 2017,the amount of direct material input per ton of paper and paperboard had decreased by 67% from 2005 to 26 t.The consumption of fresh water per ton of paper and paperboard dropped by approximately 69% over the study period,whereas the water recycling rate increased significantly,reaching 77% in 2017.At present,the production of paper and paperboard is increasingly dependent on the input of domestic waste paper and imported wood,the proportions of which have increased from 21% and 9% in 2005 to 60% and 31% in 2017,respectively.However,the rate of domestic waste paper recycling is relatively low,and measures such as strengthening the construction of the recycling system and educating the residents about recycling are needed to alleviate the shortage of raw materials caused by restrictions on waste paper imports.