热带海岛规模性土地整治项目区生态质量变化过程与特征分析

The process and characteristics of ecological quality change in the large-scale land consolidation project area of tropical island

土地整治通过重塑国土空间格局,改变区域生态系统的结构与功能,进而对生态系统质量产生影响。本研究以热带海岛地区土地整治重大工程项目区为研究对象,引入遥感生态指数(RSEI),在构建生态质量变化评估模型的基础上设置对照区,对比分析土地整治全生命周期内区域生态质量变化过程及空间特征。结果表明:①土地整治在全生命周期不同阶段深刻影响着区域的土地利用格局和生态过程,遥感生态指数能够结合现象特征发现、变化过程解析,直观、动态地反映区域生态质量状况,对有效表征土地整治区生态环境质量状况、开展长期有效监测评估等具有适宜性;②土地整治对区域生态质量具有较为明显的负面影响,但随整治周期推移,负向影响减弱逐步呈现正向影响。生态质量呈中期<初期<后期趋势。整治区生态质量呈“V”字型变化态势,而对照区生态质量呈“N”字型变化态势。③研究区内,整治区与对照区的生态质量短期内呈“两极分化”态势,整治区生态质量改善比例为51.23%略低于对照区的52.68%,降低比例28.31%略高于对照区的25.51%。④研究期内,生态质量热点斑块主要集中于北部地区,冷点斑块主要分布于南部及南渡江左岸地区。而生态质量变化的热点斑块主要分布于对照区和南渡江右岸的整治区,冷点斑块则主要分布于对照区和南渡江左岸的整治区。研究结果提升了土地整治生态影响机制认识,为区域尺度开展土地整治生态响应评价分析、生态化土地整治实施与管理对策研究提供借鉴参考。

Land consolidation changes the regional ecosystem's structure and function by reshaping the spatial land pattern and affecting the ecosystem quality.This paper took the major land consolidation project in the tropical island as the research area,introduced the remote sensing ecological index(RSEI),and built an ecological quality change assessment model to analyze the regional ecological quality change process in the life cycle of land consolidation.And it set up a control area to compare and explore its change process and characteristics.The results show that:(1)Land consolidation affects the regional land use pattern and ecological process at different life cycle stages.Remote sensing ecological index can combine phenomenon feature discovery and change process analysis to intuitively and dynamically reflect regional ecological quality characteristics,which is beneficial to mining changes.Therefore,they are suitable for effectively characterizing the land consolidation area's ecological environment quality and carrying out long-term effective monitoring and evaluation.(2)Land consolidation has an apparent negative impact on regional ecological quality.Still,with the consolidation cycle's progress,it gradually shows a positive effect,and the ecological quality indicates a trend of mid-stage<initial stage<later stage.(3)In the study area,the ecological quality of the land consolidation area and the control area showed a"polarization"trend in the short term.The improvement ratio of the ecological quality of the consolidation area was 51.23%,which was slightly less than 52.68% of the control area,and the reduction ratio of 28.31% was marginally higher than 25.51% of the control area.(4)During the study period,ecological quality hot spots were mainly concentrated in the northern region,while cold spots were primarily distributed in the south and the left bank of the Nandu River.Thus,the hot spots of ecological quality changes were mainly distributed in the control area and the consolidation area of the right bank of the Nandu River.In contrast,the cold spot patches were distributed primarily on the control area and the consolidation area of the left bank of the Nandu River.The research results further enhance the understanding of the ecological impact mechanism of land consolidation and provide a reference for evaluating and analyzing the ecological effects of land consolidation,the implementation of ecological land consolidation,and the study of management strategies at the regional scale.