山东省健康村试点村健康环境创建初步成效及问题分析

The preliminary effects and problems of healthy environment building in healthy village program of Shandong Province

目的了解山东省健康村试点村的健康环境创建成效及存在问题,为推进健康村建设工作提供政策建议。方法对山东省全部137个健康村试点村进行问卷调查,运用u检验、卡方检验等方法对试点村2017—2018年的天然气使用率、自来水普及率、下水道排污使用率、卫生厕所配备率、分类垃圾桶设置情况等健康环境指标数据进行统计分析。结果与2017年相比,2018年全省137个试点村,在生活饮用水方面,自来水普及率由92.7%提高到97.8%,且有97.8%的试点村已实现生活饮用水集中供水;在生活垃圾处理方面,下水道排污使用率由79.4%提升到81.7%,且能够实现生活垃圾合理转运的试点村占到95.0%;在清洁能源方面,天然气使用率由37.2%提升为43.4%,使用率较低,尚未全面普及;在卫生设施方面,卫生厕所配备率为77.2%,比2017年仅提高了4.6%。经济水平较好的试点村在天然气使用率、下水道排污使用率、卫生厕所使用率和分类垃圾桶设置4项指标上要好于经济水平较差的村。结论全省健康村试点村在健康环境的建设方面成效良好,在生活饮用水与生活垃圾处理方面取得较大进步;天然气普及和卫生改厕工作仍需持续改进;较好的经济发展有利于促进健康村的环境建设,政府应继续加大健康村建设经费支持,加快农村社区化改造。

Objective To explore the effectiveness and existing problems of healthy environment building in healthy village program of Shandong Province, and to provide suggestions for promoting the healthy village program. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in all 137 pilot villages of Shandong Province. The u-test and chi-square test were used to analyze the healthy environment index data of the pilot villages in 2017—2018, including the utilization rate of natural gas, the coverage of tap water, the penetration rate of sewage discharge via sewers, the distribution rate of sanitary toilets, and the provision rate of classified dustbins. Results Compared with 2017, in the 137 pilot villages of Shandong Province in 2018, the coverage of tap water increased from 92.7% to 97.8%, and 97.8% of the pilot villages achieved centralized drinking water supply. The penetration rate of sewage discharge via sewers increased from 79.4% to 81.7%, and 95% of the pilot villages achievedreasonable transfer of household garbage. The utilization rate of natural gas increased from 37.2% to 43.4%, which was low and not yet widely used. The distribution rate of sanitary toilets was 77.2%, which increased by only 4.6% in comparison with 2017. The pilot villages with good economic condition had better utilization rates of natural gas, sewage discharge via sewers, sanitary toilets and classified dustbins than the villages with poor economic condition.Conclusions The pilot villages have achieved good results in the building of healthy environment and made great progress in the coverage of drinking water and disposal of household garbage, yet the use of natural gas and sanitary toilets still needs improving. Better economic development is conducive to promoting the environment of healthy villages, thus the government should continue to promote the funding support for the healthy village program, and accelerate the development of rural communities.