安徽省社区居家老年人自评健康状况及影响因素

Self-rated health status of home-based elderlyin Anhui Province and the influencing factors

目的分析安徽省社区居家老年人自评健康状况及影响因素,为进一步提升老年人群整体健康水平、优化社区养老服务提供参考。方法采用便利抽样方法,利用自制问卷在安徽省两市抽取500名65岁及以上社区居家老年人进行面对面调查。结果 383人(76.6%)自评生理健康为"好"。阜阳市老年人心理健康和社会交往能力的自评结果低于合肥市(P<0.05)。Ordered Probit模型回归结果显示,城市、年龄、主要收入来源、性别、居住类型和医疗费用支付类型是老年人自评健康的影响因素(P<0.05)。其中,低龄、居住城市经济发展水平较好和收入来源稳定的老年人自评生理健康结果较好,高龄、女性和独居的老年人的自评心理健康结果较好,低龄、居住城市经济水平较高和参加医疗保险的老年人自评社会交往能力结果较好。结论安徽省社区居家老年人自评健康状况较好,年龄对老年人自评健康状况有显著影响,城市经济发展水平对老年人自评生理健康和社会交往能力存在一定影响,收入来源无保障、女性、独居和未参保的老年人也是需要重点关注的人群。

Objective To analyze the self-rated health status of the elderly living in the community of Anhui Province and the influencing factors, and to provide reference for further improving the overall health level of the elderly and optimizing community elderly care services. Methods The convenience sampling method was used to conduct a face-to-face survey of 500 community residents aged 65 and above in two cities of Anhui Province using self-made questionnaires. Results A total of 383 respondents(76.6%) rated their physical health as "good". The self-evaluation results of the mental health and social skills of the elderly in Fuyang City were worse than those in Hefei City(P<0.05). The regression results of the Ordered Probit model showed that city, age, main source of income, gender, type of residence, and type of medical expenses were the influencing factors for the self-rated health of the elderly(P<0.05). Among them, the self-rated physical health results of the elderly who were younger, lived in cities with better economic development level and had stable income sources were better, the self-rated mental health results of the elderly who were older, women, and lived alone were better, and the self-rated results of social communication skills of the elderly who were younger, lived in cities with better economic development level and participated in medical insurance were better. Conclusions The self-rated health status ofthe elderly in the community of Anhui Province is relatively good. Age has a significant impact on the elderly’s self-evaluation of health status. The level of urban economic development has a certain impact on the elderly’s self-evaluation of physical health and social communication skills. And the elderly having insecure source of income, being women, living alone and being uninsured are the target population worthy of attention.