基于肠道菌的黄酮类成分代谢特征及药理学思考

Metabolism characteristics and pharmacological insights of flavonoids based on the intestinal bacteria

肠道菌群参与了机体物质代谢、能量交换等多项重要生理活动,宿主与肠道微生物的相互作用已经获得了越来越多学者的关注。黄酮类成分是广泛存在于中药的一类多酚类化合物,具有调节糖脂代谢、抗炎等作用,但是生物利用度较低,这对阐明黄酮类成分的药效物质基础和作用机制提出了挑战。目前,对于黄酮类成分体内代谢行为研究主要集中于肝脏代谢,而最新研究表明,人体中的肠道菌群可与黄酮发生相互作用,一方面肠道菌群对黄酮的化学结构进行生物转化,产生了新的代谢物可能不同于母药的药理活性;另一方面,黄酮成分及其代谢产物又能反过来调节肠道菌群的组成与生理活性,这似乎对黄酮类成分的药效物质基础研究提供了新的思路。本文总结了关于肠道菌与黄酮类成分相互作用的最新研究进展,介绍了天然黄酮类成分在肠道菌作用下的转化类型及代谢特征,同时阐述了黄酮类成分对肠道菌的调节作用;此外,本文对肠道菌作用下黄酮多种药理活性进行了讨论,为深入研究黄酮类成分和其他多酚类天然产物的体内代谢特征及药效作用机制提供了有价值的科学参考。

The gut microbiota takes part in many in vivo important physiological activities of host,such as the substance metabolism and energy exchange,etc.The interaction between the host and the intestinal microorganisms has attracted scholars'attention.Flavonoids are a group of polyphenol compounds widely found in natural plants,with the bioactive effect of regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism,anti-inflammation.However,their low bioavailability cause difficulty to clarify the effective substances and the mechanism of flavonoids.Apart from the metabolic effects of liver on flavonoids,recent studies have shown that the gut microbiota can interact with flavonoids.On the one hand,flavonoids can be metabolized by gut microbiota and subsequent metabolites can produce pharmacological activities different from the parent components.On the other hand,flavonoids and their metabolites can in turn regulate the composition and physiological activities of the intestinal flora,which seems to provide a new insight for the research on the effective substances of flavonoids.In this review,we introduced the metabolic characteristics of flavonoids under the actions of intestinal bacteria,and the regulation effects of flavonoids on gut microbiota was also summarized.Meanwhile,the therapeutic effect of flavonoids under the action of intestinal bacteria was discussed.