二维MXene膜的构筑及在水处理应用中的研究进展

Construction of two-dimensional MXene membrane and its research progress of application in water treatment

MXene是一类新型的过渡金属碳/氮化物二维层状材料,通过选择性刻蚀掉MAX相中的A原子层制备而成。由于MXene具有特殊的微观结构和优异的理化性质,可用于高性能膜分离材料的构筑,并逐渐在废水处理和海水淡化等领域展现出良好的应用前景。但MXene在实际水处理过程中还存在不小的局限性。如MXene膜在水溶液中易发生溶胀现象,膜抗污染能力弱,分离机制也尚未有统一定论。本文归纳了近年来MXene纳米片、二维MXene膜材料的制备方法,例举了MXene膜的改性路径及其在水处理应用领域的最新报道,提出了MXene膜对水中污染物的分离机制,并对其当前急需解决的问题和未来的发展方向做出展望,为基于MXene高性能膜材料的设计和应用提供参考。

The MXene is a group of newly emerging two-dimensional carbide/nitride layered materials,which is usually produced by selectively etching the A atomic layer from the MAX phase of the precursor.Due to its special microstructure as well as outstanding physical and chemical properties,it can be used for the construction of membranes separation material and gradually exhibits good application prospects in the fields of wastewater treatment and desalination.However,it has been limited to apply MXene in the process of actual water treatment.For example,MXene membranes are prone to swell in aqueous solution.The antifouling property of membrane should be improved and the separation mechanism of MXene membrane is not yet clear.This article summarized the preparation and modification methods of MXene nanosheets and two-dimensional MXene membrane materials as well as their latest reports of the application in water treatment.In addition,the separation mechanism of MXene membrane for pollutants from wastewater was proposed.The current urgent problems,solutions and the development of MXene membrane in the future were also prospected.This article has guiding significance for design and application of high-performance MXene based membrane material.